--- title: A worm has no eyes and no lungs; it breathes through its damp skin,… — Worms, snails and slugs · tree and pragmatics description: A worm has no eyes and no lungs; it breathes through its damp skin, which is why it must stay moist and dies quickly if it dries out in the sun. Who acts: worm, damp skin. A sentence of the lesson «Worms, snails and slugs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/217-worms-snails-and-slugs/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Worms, snails and slugs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/217-worms-snails-and-slugs/) / 2 # Worms, snails and slugs, sentence 2 A worm has no eyes and no lungs; it breathes through its damp skin, which is why it must stay moist and dies quickly if it dries out in the sun. **Who acts:** worm, damp skin · **What happens:** have, breathe, be, die, dry out · **To what, where:** eyes, damp skin, sun. This is a sentence of the lesson «Worms, snails and slugs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (worm, damp skin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:217-worms-snails-and-slugs.lesson:2 # text = A worm has no eyes and no lungs; it breathes through its damp skin, which is why it must stay moist and dies quickly if it dries out in the sun. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 217-worms-snails-and-slugs.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 worm worm NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 5 det _ _ 5 eyes eye NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 7 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 8 det _ _ 8 lungs lung NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 conj _ _ 9 ; ; PUNCT : _ 11 punct _ _ 10 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ _ 11 breathes breathe VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 12 through through ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 13 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ _ 14 damp damp ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 skin skin NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 17 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 22 nsubj _ _ 18 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 cop _ _ 19 why why ADV WRB PronType=Int 22 advmod _ _ 20 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ _ 21 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 22 aux _ _ 22 stay stay VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 15 acl:relcl _ _ 23 moist moist ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 xcomp _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 25 dies die VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:conj 26 quickly quickly ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ _ 27 if if SCONJ IN _ 29 mark _ _ 28 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ _ 29 dries dry VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 advcl _ _ 30 out out ADP RP _ 29 compound:prt _ _ 31 in in ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 sun. sun NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obl _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=assert | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | a worm | no eyes and no lungs | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Patient | | 2 | **breathe** | present | worm | | | worm's damp skin | | | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **is** | must · present | worm's damp skin | | | | | moist, stay *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **die** | present | worm's damp skin *not said here* | | | | | quickly *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 5 | **dry out** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | worm | | | the sun. | | | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:217-worms-snails-and-slugs.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Worms, snails and slugs, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/217-worms-snails-and-slugs/1/) - next →: [Worms, snails and slugs, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/217-worms-snails-and-slugs/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/217-worms-snails-and-slugs/)