--- title: Worms are the gardener's best friends: they pull dead leaves down in… — Worms, snails and slugs · tree and pragmatics description: Worms are the gardener's best friends: they pull dead leaves down into their burrows, eat them with soil and leave rich crumbly droppings, so a field full of worms is a field full of good soil. Who acts: Worms, friends, field. A sentence of the lesson «Worms, snails and slugs» of the biology course --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/217-worms-snails-and-slugs/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Worms, snails and slugs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/217-worms-snails-and-slugs/) / 3 # Worms, snails and slugs, sentence 3 Worms are the gardener's best friends: they pull dead leaves down into their burrows, eat them with soil and leave rich crumbly droppings, so a field full of worms is a field full of good soil. **Who acts:** Worms, friends, field · **What happens:** be, pull, eat, leave · **To what, where:** best friends, dead leaves, friends, rich crumbly droppings, field This is a sentence of the lesson «Worms, snails and slugs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Worms, friends, field), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:217-worms-snails-and-slugs.lesson:3 # text = Worms are the gardener's best friends: they pull dead leaves down into their burrows, eat them with soil and leave rich crumbly droppings, so a field full of worms is a field full of good soil. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 217-worms-snails-and-slugs.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1 1 Worms worm NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 gardener gardener NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod:poss _ _ 5 's 's PART POS _ 4 case _ _ 6 best good ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 7 amod _ _ 7 friends friend NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 8 : : PUNCT : _ 10 punct _ _ 9 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj _ _ 10 pull pull VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 parataxis _ _ 11 dead dead ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 12 leaves leaf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obj _ _ 13 down down ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ _ 14 into into ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ _ 16 burrows burrow NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obl _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 18 eat eat VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 conj _ _ 19 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 obj _ _ 20 with with ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 soil soil NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obl _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 23 leave leave VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=18:conj 24 rich rich ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 25 crumbly crumbly ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 26 droppings dropping NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obj _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 28 so so ADV RB _ 36 advmod _ _ 29 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 field field NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 nsubj _ _ 31 full full ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 32 of of ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 worms worm NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obl _ _ 34 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 36 cop _ _ 35 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 field field NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 conj _ _ 37 full full ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 36 amod _ _ 38 of of ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 39 good good ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 40 amod _ _ 40 soil soil NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obl _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: pos - teacher: changed polarity=pos | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Worms | the gardener's best friends and a field | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **pull** | present | friends *= friend* | dead leaves | | | | down *property* | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme | | 3 | **eat** | present | friends *= friend* *not said here* | friends *= friend* | | | | with soil | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient | | 4 | **leave** | present | friends *= friend* *not said here* | rich crumbly droppings | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dropping=Theme | | 5 | **is a** | present | a field | a field | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:217-worms-snails-and-slugs.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Worms, snails and slugs, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/217-worms-snails-and-slugs/2/) - next →: [Worms, snails and slugs, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/217-worms-snails-and-slugs/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/217-worms-snails-and-slugs/)