---
title: Bumblebees can fly on cold days because they shiver their flight mus… — Bees and wasps in the garden · tree and pragmatics
description: Bumblebees can fly on cold days because they shiver their flight muscles to warm up, and their furry coats keep the heat in. Who acts: Bumblebees, furry coats. A sentence of the lesson «Bees and wasps in the garden» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the prag
---

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# Bees and wasps in the garden, sentence 7

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Bumblebees can fly on cold days because they shiver their flight muscles to warm up, and their furry coats keep the heat in.

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**Who acts:** Bumblebees, furry coats · **What happens:** fly, shiver, warm up, keep in · **To what, where:** flight muscles, heat

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Bees and wasps in the garden» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bumblebees, furry coats), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:218-bees-and-wasps-in-the-garden.lesson:7
# text = Bumblebees can fly on cold days because they shiver their flight muscles to warm up, and their furry coats keep the heat in.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 218-bees-and-wasps-in-the-garden.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Bumblebees	bumblebee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	shiver	shiver	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
10	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
11	flight	flight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	muscles	muscle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	warm	warm	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
15	up	up	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
18	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
19	furry	furry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	coats	coat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj	_	_
21	keep	keep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	RP	_	21	compound:prt	_	_
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | can | Bumblebees |  |  |  | day |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **shiver** | present | Bumblebees *= bumblebee* | Bumblebees's flight muscles |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **warm up** | to-infinitive | Bumblebees *= bumblebee* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **keep in** | present | Bumblebees's furry coats | the heat |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:218-bees-and-wasps-in-the-garden.lesson:7`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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