--- title: A ladybird's bright red and black colours warn birds that it tastes… — Butterflies, moths and ladybirds · tree and pragmatics description: A ladybird's bright red and black colours warn birds that it tastes bad, and when attacked it oozes a smelly yellow fluid from its legs. Who acts: bright red colours, caterpillar. A sentence of the lesson «Butterflies, moths and ladybirds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its depe --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Butterflies, moths and ladybirds](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds/) / 11 # Butterflies, moths and ladybirds, sentence 11 A ladybird's bright red and black colours warn birds that it tastes bad, and when attacked it oozes a smelly yellow fluid from its legs. **Who acts:** bright red colours, caterpillar · **What happens:** warn, taste, attack, ooze · **To what, where:** birds, smelly yellow fluid, legs This is a sentence of the lesson «Butterflies, moths and ladybirds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bright red colours, caterpillar), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds.lesson:11 # text = A ladybird's bright red and black colours warn birds that it tastes bad, and when attacked it oozes a smelly yellow fluid from its legs. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 ladybird ladybird NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nmod:poss _ _ 3 's 's PART POS _ 2 case _ _ 4 bright bright ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 5 red red ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 black black ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 conj _ _ 8 colours colour NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nsubj _ _ 9 warn warn VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 10 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=9:iobj 11 that that SCONJ IN _ 13 mark _ _ 12 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ _ 13 tastes taste VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 advcl _ _ 14 bad bad ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 xcomp _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=18:punct 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 17 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 18 advmod _ _ 18 attacked attack VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 20 advcl _ _ 19 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ _ 20 oozes ooze VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 conj _ _ 21 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 22 smelly smelly ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 amod _ _ 23 yellow yellow ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 amod _ _ 24 fluid fluid NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obj _ _ 25 from from ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ _ 27 legs leg NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=24:nmod 28 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **warn** *speech: warn* | present | a ladybird's bright red colours | | birds | | | | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent bird=Recipient | | 2 | **taste** | present | caterpillar | | | | | bad *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | | 3 | **attack** | participle | caterpillar *not said here* | | | | | | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **ooze** | present | caterpillar | a smelly yellow fluid | | caterpillar's legs | | | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location fluid=Source | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Butterflies, moths and ladybirds, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds/10/) - next →: [Butterflies, moths and ladybirds, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds/)