--- title: Its wings are covered with thousands of tiny scales, like the tiles… — Butterflies, moths and ladybirds · tree and pragmatics description: Its wings are covered with thousands of tiny scales, like the tiles on a roof, and those scales are the powder that comes off on your fingers if you touch one. Who acts: scales, powder, you. A sentence of the lesson «Butterflies, moths and ladybirds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school wi --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Butterflies, moths and ladybirds](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds/) / 2 # Butterflies, moths and ladybirds, sentence 2 Its wings are covered with thousands of tiny scales, like the tiles on a roof, and those scales are the powder that comes off on your fingers if you touch one. **Who acts:** scales, powder, you · **What happens:** cover, be, come off, touch · **To what, where:** wings, powder, fingers, one This is a sentence of the lesson «Butterflies, moths and ladybirds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (scales, powder, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds.lesson:2 # text = Its wings are covered with thousands of tiny scales, like the tiles on a roof, and those scales are the powder that comes off on your fingers if you touch one. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 2 nmod:poss _ _ 2 wings wing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 4 covered cover VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 with with ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 thousands thousand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 7 of of ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 tiny tiny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 scales scale NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nmod _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 11 like like ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 tiles tile NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nmod _ _ 14 on on ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 roof roof NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nmod _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 19 those that DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 20 det _ _ 20 scales scale NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ _ 21 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 cop _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 powder powder NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 conj _ _ 24 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 25 nsubj _ _ 25 comes come VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 acl:relcl _ _ 26 off off ADP RP _ 25 compound:prt _ _ 27 on on ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ _ 29 fingers finger NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 obl _ _ 30 if if SCONJ IN _ 32 mark _ _ 31 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ _ 32 touch touch VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 advcl _ _ 33 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 32 obj _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **cover** | present · passive | | butterfly's wings | | | | with thousands of tiny scales like the tiles on a roof | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with thousand=Theme | | 2 | **is a** | present | that scales | the powder | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **come off** | present | the powder | | | your fingers | | | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on finger=Location | | 4 | **touch** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you | one | | | | | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme one=Co-Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Butterflies, moths and ladybirds, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds/1/) - next →: [Butterflies, moths and ladybirds, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds/)