--- title: Moths are the butterflies' night-time cousins; only the caterpillars… — Butterflies, moths and ladybirds · tree and pragmatics description: Moths are the butterflies' night-time cousins; only the caterpillars of a few kinds ever eat clothes, and the moths circling a lamp are not in love with it but confused by it. Who acts: Moths, few kinds. A sentence of the lesson «Butterflies, moths and ladybirds» of the biology course of Mova's prim --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Butterflies, moths and ladybirds](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds/) / 3 # Butterflies, moths and ladybirds, sentence 3 Moths are the butterflies' night-time cousins; only the caterpillars of a few kinds ever eat clothes, and the moths circling a lamp are not in love with it but confused by it. **Who acts:** Moths, few kinds · **What happens:** be, eat, circle, not be, confuse · **To what, where:** time cousins, clothes, lamp, love This is a sentence of the lesson «Butterflies, moths and ladybirds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Moths, few kinds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds.lesson:3 # text = Moths are the butterflies' night-time cousins; only the caterpillars of a few kinds ever eat clothes, and the moths circling a lamp are not in love with it but confused by it. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Moths moth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 cop _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 butterflies butterfly NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nmod:poss _ _ 5 ' 's PART POS _ 4 case _ _ 6 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 compound _ _ 7 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 6 punct _ _ 8 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 compound _ _ 9 cousins cousin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 10 ; ; PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 11 only only ADV RB _ 13 advmod _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 caterpillars caterpillar NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 conj _ _ 14 of of ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 15 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 16 few few ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 17 kinds kind NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 nmod _ _ 18 ever ever ADV RB PronType=Ind 19 advmod _ _ 19 eat eat VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 acl:relcl _ _ 20 clothes clothes NOUN NNS Number=Ptan 19 obj _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 moths moth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 nsubj _ _ 25 circling circle VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 24 acl _ _ 26 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 lamp lamp NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obj _ _ 28 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 cop _ _ 29 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 31 advmod _ _ 30 in in ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 31 love love NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 conj _ _ 32 with with ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 nmod _ _ 34 but but CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 35 confused confuse VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 9 conj _ _ 36 by by ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 37 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 obl _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Moths | the butterflies's time cousins and the caterpillars of a few kinds and love | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **eat** | present | a few kinds *not said here* | clothes | | | ever | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clothes=Patient | | 3 | **circle** | gerund | the moths *not said here* | a lamp | | | | | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme lamp=Co-Theme | | 4 | **not** **is** | present | the moths | | | love | | with butterfly | tree rules | | 5 | **confuse** | participle | Moths *not said here* | | | | | by butterfly | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Butterflies, moths and ladybirds, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds/2/) - next →: [Butterflies, moths and ladybirds, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds/)