--- title: A ladybird's bright red and black coat is a warning sign that says «… — Butterflies, moths and ladybirds · tree and pragmatics description: A ladybird's bright red and black coat is a warning sign that says «I taste horrible», and every gardener loves it because it eats thousands of the aphids that suck the plants. Who acts: bright red coat, warning sign, gardener, aphids. A sentence of the lesson «Butterflies, moths and ladybirds» of t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Butterflies, moths and ladybirds](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds/) / 4 # Butterflies, moths and ladybirds, sentence 4 A ladybird's bright red and black coat is a warning sign that says «I taste horrible», and every gardener loves it because it eats thousands of the aphids that suck the plants. **Who acts:** bright red coat, warning sign, gardener, aphids · **What happens:** be, say, taste, love, eat, suck · **To what, where:** warning sign, », coat, thousands, plants · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Butterflies, moths and ladybirds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bright red coat, warning sign, gardener, aphids), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds.lesson:4 # text = A ladybird's bright red and black coat is a warning sign that says «I taste horrible», and every gardener loves it because it eats thousands of the aphids that suck the plants. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=8:det 2 ladybird ladybird NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nmod:poss _ _ 3 's 's PART POS _ 2 case _ _ 4 bright bright ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 5 red red ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 black black ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 conj _ _ 8 coat coat NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ _ 9 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 cop _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 11 warning warning NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 compound _ _ 12 sign sign NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 13 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 14 nsubj _ _ 14 says say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 acl:relcl _ _ 15 « « SCONJ IN _ 17 mark _ _ 16 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ _ 17 taste taste VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 ccomp _ _ 18 horrible horrible ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 xcomp _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=19:amod 19 » » NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obj _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 22 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 23 det _ _ 23 gardener gardener NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ _ 24 loves love VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 conj _ _ 25 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 obj _ _ 26 because because SCONJ IN _ 28 mark _ _ 27 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ _ 28 eats eat VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=24:ccomp 29 thousands thousand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 obj _ _ 30 of of ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 aphids aphid NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 nmod _ _ 33 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 34 nsubj _ _ 34 suck suck VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 32 acl:relcl _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 plants plant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 obj _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 12 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=14:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=assert | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | a ladybird's bright red coat | a warning sign | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | a warning sign | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **taste** *in a quote* | present | a warning sign *= sign* | » | | | | horrible *property* | vn seem-109 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Theme »=Attribute | | 4 | **love** | present | every gardener | coat | | | | | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | | 5 | **eat** | present | gardener | thousands of the aphids | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thousand=Patient | | 6 | **suck** | present | the aphids | the plants | | | | | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent plant=Source | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Butterflies, moths and ladybirds, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds/3/) - next →: [Butterflies, moths and ladybirds, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds/)