---
title: Butterflies rest in the sun to warm up, because they cannot fly when… — Butterflies, moths and ladybirds · tree and pragmatics
description: Butterflies rest in the sun to warm up, because they cannot fly when they are too cold. Who acts: Butterflies, leaves. A sentence of the lesson «Butterflies, moths and ladybirds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds/7/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Butterflies, moths and ladybirds](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds/) / 7

# Butterflies, moths and ladybirds, sentence 7

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Butterflies rest in the sun to warm up, because they cannot fly when they are too cold.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Butterflies, leaves · **What happens:** rest, warm up, not fly, be · **To what, where:** sun

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Butterflies, moths and ladybirds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Butterflies, leaves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds.lesson:7
# text = Butterflies rest in the sun to warm up, because they cannot fly when they are too cold.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Butterflies	butterfly	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	rest	rest	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	warm	warm	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
8	up	up	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
12	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
14	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
15	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	19	advmod	_	_
16	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
17	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
18	too	too	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	advcl	_	_
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rest** | present | Butterflies |  |  | the sun |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent in sun=Location |
| 2 | **warm up** | to-infinitive | Butterflies *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **not** **fly** | can | leaves *= leaf* |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **is** | present | leaves *= leaf* |  |  |  |  | cold *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds.lesson:7`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Butterflies, moths and ladybirds, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds/6/)
- next →: [Butterflies, moths and ladybirds, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds/8/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds/)