--- title: A butterfly's wings are covered in tiny scales; the powder on your f… — Butterflies, moths and ladybirds · tree and pragmatics description: A butterfly's wings are covered in tiny scales; the powder on your fingers is scales, and losing many of them can harm the butterfly. Who acts: powder, losing. A sentence of the lesson «Butterflies, moths and ladybirds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Butterflies, moths and ladybirds](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds/) / 8 # Butterflies, moths and ladybirds, sentence 8 A butterfly's wings are covered in tiny scales; the powder on your fingers is scales, and losing many of them can harm the butterfly. **Who acts:** powder, losing · **What happens:** cover, be, lose, harm · **To what, where:** wings, scales, many, butterfly This is a sentence of the lesson «Butterflies, moths and ladybirds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (powder, losing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds.lesson:8 # text = A butterfly's wings are covered in tiny scales; the powder on your fingers is scales, and losing many of them can harm the butterfly. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 butterfly butterfly NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod:poss _ _ 3 's 's PART POS _ 2 case _ _ 4 wings wing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nsubj:pass _ _ 5 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 aux:pass _ _ 6 covered cover VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 7 in in ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 tiny tiny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 scales scale NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obl _ _ 10 ; ; PUNCT : _ 17 punct _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 powder powder NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ _ 13 on on ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ _ 15 fingers finger NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 nmod _ _ 16 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 cop _ _ 17 scales scale NOUN : Number=Plur 9 conj _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=20:punct 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 20 losing lose VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 25 csubj _ _ 21 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 obj _ _ 22 of of ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nmod _ _ 24 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 25 aux _ _ 25 harm harm VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 6 conj _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 butterfly butterfly NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obj _ _ 28 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **cover** | present · passive | | a butterfly's wings | | | | in tiny scales and scales | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in scale=Theme | | 2 | **is a** | present | the powder on your fingers | scales | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **lose** | gerund | | many of wings | | | | | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent many=Eventuality | | 4 | **harm** | can | losing | the butterfly | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus butterfly=Experiencer | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Butterflies, moths and ladybirds, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds/7/) - next →: [Butterflies, moths and ladybirds, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds/)