--- title: An elephant herd is a family of grandmothers, mothers, aunts, sister… — Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory · tree and pragmatics description: An elephant herd is a family of grandmothers, mothers, aunts, sisters and babies, and it walks in a line behind the oldest female, the matriarch, because she has lived longest and remembers the most. Who acts: elephant herd, herd, she. A sentence of the lesson «Elephants: families, tusks, ears and m --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Elephants: families, tusks, ears and m…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/) / 0 # Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory, sentence 0 An elephant herd is a family of grandmothers, mothers, aunts, sisters and babies, and it walks in a line behind the oldest female, the matriarch, because she has lived longest and remembers the most. **Who acts:** elephant herd, herd, she · **What happens:** be, walk, live, remember · **To what, where:** family, line, most This is a sentence of the lesson «Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (elephant herd, herd, she), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:022-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory.lesson:0 # text = An elephant herd is a family of grandmothers, mothers, aunts, sisters and babies, and it walks in a line behind the oldest female, the matriarch, because she has lived longest and remembers the most. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 022-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 An a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 elephant elephant NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 herd herd NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 4 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _ 5 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 family family NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 7 of of ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 grandmothers grandmother NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nmod _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 10 mothers mother NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 conj _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 12 aunts aunt NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 conj _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 14 sisters sister NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 conj _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 16 babies baby NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 conj _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 19 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ _ 20 walks walk VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 21 in in ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 22 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 line line NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 24 behind behind ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 26 oldest old ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 27 amod _ _ 27 female female NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 matriarch matriarch NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 appos _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 32 because because SCONJ IN _ 35 mark _ _ 33 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 nsubj _ _ 34 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 35 aux _ _ 35 lived live VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 20 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:advcl 36 longest long ADV RBS Degree=Sup 35 advmod _ _ 37 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 38 remembers remember VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 35 conj _ _ 39 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 40 most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 38 obj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=38:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RBS:Degree=Sup 41 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | a elephant herd | a family | | | | of grandmothers and mothers and aunts and sisters and babies | tree rules | | 2 | **walk** | present | herd | | | a line | | behind the oldest female | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in line=Trajectory | | 3 | **live** | present · perfect | she | | | | | long *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **remember** | present | she *not said here* | the most | | | | | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent most=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:022-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Elephants: the trunk and everything it…, 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/21-elephants-the-trunk/19/) - next →: [Elephants: families, tusks, ears and m…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/)