--- title: Elephants use their tusks to dig for water and salt, strip bark, mov… — Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory · tree and pragmatics description: Elephants use their tusks to dig for water and salt, strip bark, move things and defend themselves. Who acts: Elephants. A sentence of the lesson «Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Elephants: families, tusks, ears and m…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/) / 10 # Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory, sentence 10 Elephants use their tusks to dig for water and salt, strip bark, move things and defend themselves. **Who acts:** Elephants · **What happens:** use, dig, strip, move, defend · **To what, where:** tusks, bark, things This is a sentence of the lesson «Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Elephants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:022-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory.lesson:10 # text = Elephants use their tusks to dig for water and salt, strip bark, move things and defend themselves. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 022-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1 1 Elephants elephant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 use use VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ _ 4 tusks tusk NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 5 to to PART TO _ 6 mark _ _ 6 dig dig VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 advcl _ _ 7 for for ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 10 salt salt NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 conj _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=13:punct 12 strip strip VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 6 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=13:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 13 bark bark NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=8:conj 14 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 15 move move VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 6 conj _ _ 16 things thing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 obj _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 18 defend defend VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 6 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=15:conj 19 themselves themselves PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 18 obj _ _ 20 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **use** | present | Elephants | teeth's tusks | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tusk=Patient | | 2 | **dig** | to-infinitive | Elephants *not said here* | | | | | for water and salt | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent for water=Theme | | 3 | **strip** | infinitive | Elephants *not said here* | bark | | | | | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bark=Patient | | 4 | **move** | infinitive | Elephants *not said here* | things | | | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent thing=Theme | | 5 | **defend** | infinitive | Elephants *not said here* | Tusks *= tusk* | | | | | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Beneficiary | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:022-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Elephants: families, tusks, ears and m…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/9/) - next →: [Elephants: families, tusks, ears and m…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/)