--- title: Elephant ears are full of blood vessels, and flapping them cools the… — Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory · tree and pragmatics description: Elephant ears are full of blood vessels, and flapping them cools the blood; African elephants have much bigger ears than Asian elephants. Who acts: Elephant ears, flapping, African elephants. A sentence of the lesson «Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory» of the biology course of Mova's prima --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Elephants: families, tusks, ears and m…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/) / 12 # Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory, sentence 12 Elephant ears are full of blood vessels, and flapping them cools the blood; African elephants have much bigger ears than Asian elephants. **Who acts:** Elephant ears, flapping, African elephants · **What happens:** be, flap, cool, have · **To what, where:** ears, blood, bigger ears This is a sentence of the lesson «Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Elephant ears, flapping, African elephants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:022-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory.lesson:12 # text = Elephant ears are full of blood vessels, and flapping them cools the blood; African elephants have much bigger ears than Asian elephants. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 022-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Elephant elephant NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 ears ear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 4 full full ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 blood blood NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 7 vessels vessel NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=10:punct 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 10 flapping flap VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 12 csubj _ _ 11 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 obj _ _ 12 cools cool VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 blood blood NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obj _ _ 15 ; ; PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 16 African African ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 17 elephants elephant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 nsubj _ _ 18 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj 19 much much ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ _ 20 bigger big ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 21 amod _ _ 21 ears ear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obj _ _ 22 than than ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 Asian Asian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 amod _ _ 24 elephants elephant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 nmod _ _ 25 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | Elephant ears | | | | | of blood vessels; full *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **flap** | gerund | | ears *= ear* | | | | | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient | | 3 | **cool** | present | flapping | the blood | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent blood=Patient | | 4 | **have** | present | African elephants | bigger ears | | | | than Asian elephants | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ear=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:022-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Elephants: families, tusks, ears and m…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/11/) - next →: [Elephants: families, tusks, ears and m…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/)