--- title: Spreading the ears wide and shaking the head is a warning to stay ba… — Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory · tree and pragmatics description: Spreading the ears wide and shaking the head is a warning to stay back, and a wild elephant can run about 25 kilometres an hour. Who acts: Spreading, wild elephant. A sentence of the lesson «Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependen --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Elephants: families, tusks, ears and m…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/) / 13 # Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory, sentence 13 Spreading the ears wide and shaking the head is a warning to stay back, and a wild elephant can run about 25 kilometres an hour. **Who acts:** Spreading, wild elephant · **What happens:** spread, shake, be, stay back, run about · **To what, where:** ears, head, warning, 25 kilometres This is a sentence of the lesson «Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Spreading, wild elephant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:022-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory.lesson:13 # text = Spreading the ears wide and shaking the head is a warning to stay back, and a wild elephant can run about 25 kilometres an hour. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 022-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Spreading spread VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 11 csubj _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 ears ear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 obj _ _ 4 wide wide ADV RB _ 1 advmod _ _ 5 and and CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ _ 6 shaking shake VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 1 conj _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obj _ _ 9 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 cop _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 warning warning NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 12 to to PART TO _ 13 mark _ _ 13 stay stay VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 11 acl _ _ 14 back back ADV RB _ 13 advmod _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 18 wild wild ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 elephant elephant NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ _ 20 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 21 aux _ _ 21 run run VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 11 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=11:parataxis 22 about about ADV RB _ 23 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=24:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 23 25 25 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 24 nummod _ _ 24 kilometres kilometre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obj _ _ 25 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 hour hour NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nmod:unmarked _ _ 27 . . PUNCT . _ 11 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **spread** | gerund | | the ears | | | | wide *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location ear=Theme | | 2 | **shake** | gerund | | the head | | | | | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent head=Patient | | 3 | **is a** | present | Spreading | a warning | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **stay back** | to-infinitive | | | | | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **run about** | can | a wild elephant | 25 kilometres a hour | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme kilometre=Trajectory | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:022-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Elephants: families, tusks, ears and m…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/12/) - next →: [Elephants: families, tusks, ears and m…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/)