--- title: An Asian elephant named Happy touched a mark on her head after seein… — Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory · tree and pragmatics description: An Asian elephant named Happy touched a mark on her head after seeing it in a mirror, which suggests she knew the reflection was herself; great apes, dolphins and magpies have passed this mirror test too. Who acts: Asian elephant, mirror, Happy, reflection. A sentence of the lesson «Elephants: famil --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Elephants: families, tusks, ears and m…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/) / 18 # Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory, sentence 18 An Asian elephant named Happy touched a mark on her head after seeing it in a mirror, which suggests she knew the reflection was herself; great apes, dolphins and magpies have passed this mirror test too. **Who acts:** Asian elephant, mirror, Happy, reflection, great apes · **What happens:** name, touch, see, suggest, know, be · **To what, where:** Asian elephant, mark, elephant, mirror, Happy, mirror test · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Asian elephant, mirror, Happy, reflection), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:022-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory.lesson:18 # text = An Asian elephant named Happy touched a mark on her head after seeing it in a mirror, which suggests she knew the reflection was herself; great apes, dolphins and magpies have passed this mirror test too. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 022-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 An a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 Asian Asian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 elephant elephant NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 4 named name VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 acl _ _ 5 Happy Happy PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 xcomp _ _ 6 touched touch VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 mark mark NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obj _ _ 9 on on ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ _ 11 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 12 after after SCONJ IN _ 13 mark _ _ 13 seeing see VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 6 advcl _ _ 14 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 obj _ _ 15 in in ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 mirror mirror NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 19 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 20 nsubj _ _ 20 suggests suggest VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 acl:relcl _ _ 21 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ _ 22 knew know VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 20 ccomp _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 reflection reflection NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ _ 25 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 26 cop _ _ 26 herself herself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 22 ccomp _ _ 27 ; ; PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 28 great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 apes ape NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 nsubj _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 31 dolphins dolphin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 conj _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 33 magpies magpie NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 conj _ _ 34 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 35 aux _ _ 35 passed pass VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 6 parataxis _ _ 36 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 38 det _ _ 37 mirror mirror NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 compound _ _ 38 test test NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 obj _ _ 39 too too ADV RB _ 35 advmod _ _ 40 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **name** | participle | | a Asian elephant *not said here* | | | | | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **touch** | past | a Asian elephant | a mark | | | | on Happy's head | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP PP.theme PP.instrument»: agent=Agent mark=Experiencer on head=Theme | | 3 | **see** | gerund | a Asian elephant *not said here* | elephant | | a mirror | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | | 4 | **suggest** *speech: suggest* | present | a mirror | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 5 | **know** | past | Happy | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 6 | **is a** | past | the reflection | Happy | | | | | tree rules | | 7 | **pass** | present · perfect | great apes and dolphins and magpies | this mirror test | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme test=Trajectory | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:022-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory.lesson:18`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Elephants: families, tusks, ears and m…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/17/) - next →: [Bears, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/23-bears/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/)