--- title: An African elephant's two huge ears are like radiators full of blood… — Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory · tree and pragmatics description: An African elephant's two huge ears are like radiators full of blood vessels, so flapping them cools the blood; spread wide with a head shake, the same ears mean «back off». Who acts: two huge ears, flapping, same ears. A sentence of the lesson «Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory» of the bi --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Elephants: families, tusks, ears and m…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/) / 2 # Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory, sentence 2 An African elephant's two huge ears are like radiators full of blood vessels, so flapping them cools the blood; spread wide with a head shake, the same ears mean «back off». **Who acts:** two huge ears, flapping, same ears · **What happens:** be, flap, cool, spread, mean · **To what, where:** ears, blood This is a sentence of the lesson «Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (two huge ears, flapping, same ears), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:022-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory.lesson:2 # text = An African elephant's two huge ears are like radiators full of blood vessels, so flapping them cools the blood; spread wide with a head shake, the same ears mean «back off». # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 022-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 An a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 African African ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 elephant elephant NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod:poss _ _ 4 's 's PART POS _ 3 case _ _ 5 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 7 nummod _ _ 6 huge huge ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 ears ear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 nsubj _ _ 8 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 cop _ _ 9 like like ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 radiators radiator NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 parataxis _ _ 11 full full ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 12 of of ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 blood blood NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 compound _ _ 14 vessels vessel NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obl _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 16 so so ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 17 flapping flap VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 19 csubj _ _ 18 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 obj _ _ 19 cools cool VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 blood blood NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obj _ _ 22 ; ; PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 23 spread spread VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 33 advcl _ _ 24 wide wide ADV RB _ 23 advmod _ _ 25 with with ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 26 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 27 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 compound _ _ 28 shake shake NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=23:nmod 29 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=32:punct 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 31 same same ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 amod _ _ 32 ears ear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 nsubj _ _ 33 mean mean VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 parataxis _ _ 34 « « PUNCT `` _ 33 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=33:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:,:_ 35 back back ADV RB _ 33 advmod _ _ 36 off off ADP IN _ 35 compound:prt _ _ 37 » » PUNCT '' _ 33 punct _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 10 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=19:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | a African elephant's two huge ears | | | | | like radiators | tree rules | | 2 | **flap** | gerund | | ears *= ear* | | | | | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient | | 3 | **cool** | present | flapping | the blood | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent blood=Patient | | 4 | **spread** | participle | the same ears *not said here* | | | | | with a head shake; wide *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **mean** | present | the same ears | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:022-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Elephants: families, tusks, ears and m…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/1/) - next →: [Elephants: families, tusks, ears and m…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/)