---
title: Dumbo flies with his ears and cartoons show elephants as clumsy and… — Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory · tree and pragmatics
description: Dumbo flies with his ears and cartoons show elephants as clumsy and forgetful; real ears never lift an elephant off the ground, but they do cool it, and real elephants remember friends and places for decades. Who acts: Dumbo, cartoons, real ears, ears. A sentence of the lesson «Elephants: families, 
---

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# Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory, sentence 4

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dumbo flies with his ears and cartoons show elephants as clumsy and forgetful; real ears never lift an elephant off the ground, but they do cool it, and real elephants remember friends and places for decades.

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**Who acts:** Dumbo, cartoons, real ears, ears, real elephants · **What happens:** fly, show, not lift, cool, remember · **To what, where:** elephants, elephant, ground, friends

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dumbo, cartoons, real ears, ears), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:022-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory.lesson:4
# text = Dumbo flies with his ears and cartoons show elephants as clumsy and forgetful; real ears never lift an elephant off the ground, but they do cool it, and real elephants remember friends and places for decades.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 022-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Dumbo	Dumbo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	flies	fly	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	ears	ear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	cartoons	cartoon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	show	show	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	elephants	elephant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
10	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	clumsy	clumsy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	obl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	forgetful	forgetful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	conj	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=2:punct
15	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	ears	ear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
17	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
18	lift	lift	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf
19	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	elephant	elephant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	off	off	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=20:nmod
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
25	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
26	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
27	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
28	cool	cool	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	conj	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=2:conj
29	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	obj	_	_
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
32	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	elephants	elephant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	nsubj	_	_
34	remember	remember	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
35	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	obj	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
37	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	conj	_	_
38	for	for	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
39	decades	decade	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	obl	_	_
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | present | Dumbo |  |  |  |  | with Dumbo's ears | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **show** | present | cartoons |  | elephants |  |  | as clumsy | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent elephant=Recipient |
| 3 | **not** **lift** | present | real ears | a elephant |  | the ground |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent elephant=Theme off ground=Destination |
| 4 | **cool** | present · do-support | ears *= ear* | elephant |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
| 5 | **remember** | present | real elephants | friends and places |  |  | decade |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent friend=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:022-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory.lesson:4`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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