---
title: Beetles are insects with six legs; beetles that live under stones he… — Spiders and other minibeasts under logs and stones · tree and pragmatics
description: Beetles are insects with six legs; beetles that live under stones help to break down dead plants and animals. Who acts: Beetles. A sentence of the lesson «Spiders and other minibeasts under logs and stones» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of
---

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# Spiders and other minibeasts under logs and stones, sentence 14

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Beetles are insects with six legs; beetles that live under stones help to break down dead plants and animals.

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**Who acts:** Beetles · **What happens:** be, live, help, break down · **To what, where:** insects, stones, dead plants

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Spiders and other minibeasts under logs and stones» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Beetles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:220-spiders-and-other-minibeasts-under-logs-and-stones.lesson:14
# text = Beetles are insects with six legs; beetles that live under stones help to break down dead plants and animals.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 220-spiders-and-other-minibeasts-under-logs-and-stones.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Beetles	beetle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	beetles	beetle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	under	under	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
13	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	break	break	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
16	down	down	ADP	RP	_	15	compound:prt	_	_
17	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Beetles | insects |  |  |  | with six legs | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | present | beetles |  |  | stones |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under stone=Location |
| 3 | **help** | present | beetles |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 4 | **break down** | to-infinitive | beetles *not said here* | dead plants and animals |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plant=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:220-spiders-and-other-minibeasts-under-logs-and-stones.lesson:14`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- next →: [Spiders and other minibeasts under log…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/220-spiders-and-other-minibeasts-under-logs-and-stones/15/)
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