--- title: People have kept pigeons for thousands of years, for food, for racin… — Pigeons: head bobbing, homing and city cliffs · tree and pragmatics description: People have kept pigeons for thousands of years, for food, for racing and for carrying messages, because a homing pigeon taken far away will fly straight back to its own loft. Who acts: People, messages, homing pigeon. A sentence of the lesson «Pigeons: head bobbing, homing and city cliffs» of the b --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/221-pigeons-head-bobbing-homing-and-city-cliffs/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Pigeons: head bobbing, homing and city…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/221-pigeons-head-bobbing-homing-and-city-cliffs/) / 2 # Pigeons: head bobbing, homing and city cliffs, sentence 2 People have kept pigeons for thousands of years, for food, for racing and for carrying messages, because a homing pigeon taken far away will fly straight back to its own loft. **Who acts:** People, messages, homing pigeon · **What happens:** keep, carry, take, fly · **To what, where:** pigeons, homing pigeon This is a sentence of the lesson «Pigeons: head bobbing, homing and city cliffs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (People, messages, homing pigeon), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:221-pigeons-head-bobbing-homing-and-city-cliffs.lesson:2 # text = People have kept pigeons for thousands of years, for food, for racing and for carrying messages, because a homing pigeon taken far away will fly straight back to its own loft. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 221-pigeons-head-bobbing-homing-and-city-cliffs.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 People people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 2 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux _ _ 3 kept keep VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 4 pigeons pigeon NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 5 for for ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 thousands thousand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:nmod 7 of of ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nmod _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 10 for for ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 13 for for ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 racing racing NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 16 for for ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 carrying carry VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 18 acl _ _ 18 messages message NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 conj _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 20 because because SCONJ IN _ 28 mark _ _ 21 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 22 homing homing NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 compound _ _ 23 pigeon pigeon NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nsubj _ _ 24 taken take VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 23 acl _ _ 25 far far ADV RB Degree=Pos 26 advmod _ _ 26 away away ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ _ 27 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 28 aux _ _ 28 fly fly VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 advcl _ _ 29 straight straight ADV RB _ 30 advmod _ _ 30 back back ADV RB _ 28 advmod _ _ 31 to to ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 32 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 34 nmod:poss _ _ 33 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 amod _ _ 34 loft loft NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obl _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **keep** | present · perfect | People | pigeons | | | | for thousands of years; for food; for racing and messages | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pigeon=Theme | | 2 | **carry** | gerund | messages *not said here* | | | | | | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **take** | participle | | a homing pigeon *not said here* | | | | away *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **fly** | future | a homing pigeon | | | | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:221-pigeons-head-bobbing-homing-and-city-cliffs.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Pigeons: head bobbing, homing and city…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/221-pigeons-head-bobbing-homing-and-city-cliffs/1/) - next →: [Pigeons: head bobbing, homing and city…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/221-pigeons-head-bobbing-homing-and-city-cliffs/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/221-pigeons-head-bobbing-homing-and-city-cliffs/)