--- title: A rat can squeeze through a hole about the size of a coin, swim thro… — Rats and mice in the city, and the elephant and… · tree and pragmatics description: A rat can squeeze through a hole about the size of a coin, swim through a pipe and hold its breath for minutes, and its front teeth never stop growing, so it gnaws all the time, even through cables. Who acts: rat, front teeth, breath. A sentence of the lesson «Rats and mice in the city, and the elep --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/222-rats-and-mice-in-the-city-and-the-elephant-and-mouse-myth/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Rats and mice in the city, and the ele…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/222-rats-and-mice-in-the-city-and-the-elephant-and-mouse-myth/) / 1 # Rats and mice in the city, and the elephant and mouse myth, sentence 1 A rat can squeeze through a hole about the size of a coin, swim through a pipe and hold its breath for minutes, and its front teeth never stop growing, so it gnaws all the time, even through cables. **Who acts:** rat, front teeth, breath · **What happens:** squeeze, swim, hold, not stop, grow, gnaw · **To what, where:** hole, pipe, breath, cables This is a sentence of the lesson «Rats and mice in the city, and the elephant and mouse myth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rat, front teeth, breath), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:222-rats-and-mice-in-the-city-and-the-elephant-and-mouse-myth.lesson:1 # text = A rat can squeeze through a hole about the size of a coin, swim through a pipe and hold its breath for minutes, and its front teeth never stop growing, so it gnaws all the time, even through cables. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 222-rats-and-mice-in-the-city-and-the-elephant-and-mouse-myth.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 rat rat NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 3 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 4 squeeze squeeze VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 5 through through ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 hole hole NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 8 about about ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 size size NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ 11 of of ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 coin coin NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nmod _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 15 swim swim VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=4:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VBP:Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 through through ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 pipe pipe NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obl _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 20 hold hold VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 conj _ _ 21 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ _ 22 breath breath NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obj _ _ 23 for for ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 minutes minute NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obl _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 27 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ _ 28 front front ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 teeth tooth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 nsubj _ _ 30 never never ADV RB PronType=Neg 31 advmod _ _ 31 stop stop VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 32 growing grow VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 31 xcomp _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 34 so so ADV RB _ 36 advmod _ _ 35 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 nsubj _ _ 36 gnaws gnaw VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:advcl 37 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 39 det:predet _ _ 38 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 39 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obl:unmarked _ _ 40 , , PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 41 even even ADV RB _ 43 advmod _ _ 42 through through ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 43 cables cable NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=39:appos 44 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **squeeze** | can | a rat | | | a hole about the size of a coin | | | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent through hole=Trajectory | | 2 | **swim** | infinitive | a rat *not said here* | | | a pipe | | | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through pipe=Trajectory | | 3 | **hold** | infinitive | a rat *not said here* | pipe's breath | | | minute | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breath=Theme | | 4 | **not** **stop** | present | breath's front teeth | | | | | | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality | | 5 | **grow** | gerund | breath's front teeth *not said here* | | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **gnaw** | present | breath | | | cables | time | | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:222-rats-and-mice-in-the-city-and-the-elephant-and-mouse-myth.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Rats and mice in the city, and the ele…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/222-rats-and-mice-in-the-city-and-the-elephant-and-mouse-myth/0/) - next →: [Rats and mice in the city, and the ele…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/222-rats-and-mice-in-the-city-and-the-elephant-and-mouse-myth/2/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/222-rats-and-mice-in-the-city-and-the-elephant-and-mouse-myth/)