--- title: A rat's front teeth never stop growing, so it gnaws to keep them sho… — Rats and mice in the city, and the elephant and… · tree and pragmatics description: A rat's front teeth never stop growing, so it gnaws to keep them short; the teeth are tough enough to chew through wood, plastic and cables. Who acts: front teeth, food, teeth. A sentence of the lesson «Rats and mice in the city, and the elephant and mouse myth» of the biology course of Mova's prima --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/222-rats-and-mice-in-the-city-and-the-elephant-and-mouse-myth/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Rats and mice in the city, and the ele…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/222-rats-and-mice-in-the-city-and-the-elephant-and-mouse-myth/) / 13 # Rats and mice in the city, and the elephant and mouse myth, sentence 13 A rat's front teeth never stop growing, so it gnaws to keep them short; the teeth are tough enough to chew through wood, plastic and cables. **Who acts:** front teeth, food, teeth · **What happens:** not stop, grow, gnaw, keep, be, chew · **To what, where:** rats, wood This is a sentence of the lesson «Rats and mice in the city, and the elephant and mouse myth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (front teeth, food, teeth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:222-rats-and-mice-in-the-city-and-the-elephant-and-mouse-myth.lesson:13 # text = A rat's front teeth never stop growing, so it gnaws to keep them short; the teeth are tough enough to chew through wood, plastic and cables. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 222-rats-and-mice-in-the-city-and-the-elephant-and-mouse-myth.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 rat rat NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nmod:poss _ _ 3 's 's PART POS _ 2 case _ _ 4 front front ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 teeth tooth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nsubj _ _ 6 never never ADV RB PronType=Neg 7 advmod _ _ 7 stop stop VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 growing grow VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 7 xcomp _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 10 so so ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 11 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ _ 12 gnaws gnaw VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:conj 13 to to PART TO _ 14 mark _ _ 14 keep keep VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 12 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=12:xcomp 15 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 obj _ _ 16 short short ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 xcomp _ _ 17 ; ; PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 teeth tooth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 nsubj _ _ 20 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 cop _ _ 21 tough tough ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:conj 22 enough enough ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ _ 23 to to PART TO _ 24 mark _ _ 24 chew chew VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 21 advcl _ _ 25 through through ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 wood wood NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obl _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 28 plastic plastic NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 conj _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 30 cables cable NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=28:conj 31 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **stop** | present | a rat's front teeth | | | | | | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality | | 2 | **grow** | gerund | a rat's front teeth *not said here* | | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **gnaw** | present | food | | | | | | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **keep** | to-infinitive | food *not said here* | rats *= rat* | | | | short *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | | 5 | **is** | present | the teeth | | | | | enough, tough *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **chew** | to-infinitive | the teeth *not said here* | | | wood and plastic and cables | | | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:222-rats-and-mice-in-the-city-and-the-elephant-and-mouse-myth.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Rats and mice in the city, and the ele…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/222-rats-and-mice-in-the-city-and-the-elephant-and-mouse-myth/12/) - next →: [Rats and mice in the city, and the ele…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/222-rats-and-mice-in-the-city-and-the-elephant-and-mouse-myth/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/222-rats-and-mice-in-the-city-and-the-elephant-and-mouse-myth/)