--- title: Fleas carried by rats helped spread the plague called the Black Deat… — Rats and mice in the city, and the elephant and… · tree and pragmatics description: Fleas carried by rats helped spread the plague called the Black Death, but scientists now think human fleas and lice also spread it from person to person. Who acts: Fleas, scientists, human fleas. A sentence of the lesson «Rats and mice in the city, and the elephant and mouse myth» of the biology co --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/222-rats-and-mice-in-the-city-and-the-elephant-and-mouse-myth/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Rats and mice in the city, and the ele…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/222-rats-and-mice-in-the-city-and-the-elephant-and-mouse-myth/) / 9 # Rats and mice in the city, and the elephant and mouse myth, sentence 9 Fleas carried by rats helped spread the plague called the Black Death, but scientists now think human fleas and lice also spread it from person to person. **Who acts:** Fleas, scientists, human fleas · **What happens:** carry, help, spread, call, think · **To what, where:** Fleas, plague · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Rats and mice in the city, and the elephant and mouse myth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Fleas, scientists, human fleas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:222-rats-and-mice-in-the-city-and-the-elephant-and-mouse-myth.lesson:9 # text = Fleas carried by rats helped spread the plague called the Black Death, but scientists now think human fleas and lice also spread it from person to person. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 222-rats-and-mice-in-the-city-and-the-elephant-and-mouse-myth.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Fleas flea NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 2 carried carry VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 1 acl _ _ 3 by by ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 rats rat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl _ _ 5 helped help VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 spread spread VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 xcomp _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 plague plague NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obj _ _ 9 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 8 acl _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 11 Black black ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 12 Death death PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=9:obj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 13 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 14 but but CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 15 scientists scientist NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 nsubj _ _ 16 now now ADV RB PronType=Dem 17 advmod _ _ 17 think think VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 18 human human ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 fleas flea NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 21 lice louse NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 conj _ _ 22 also also ADV RB _ 23 advmod _ _ 23 spread spread VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 ccomp _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=17:ccomp|HaikuPos=VERB:VBD:Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 24 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 obj _ _ 25 from from ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 person person NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ _ 27 to to ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 person person NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nmod _ _ 29 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **carry** | participle | | Fleas *not said here* | | | | by rats | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **help** | past | Fleas | | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 3 | **spread** | infinitive | Fleas *not said here* | the plague | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location plague=Theme | | 4 | **call** | participle | | the plague *not said here* | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **think** *speech: other* | present | scientists | | | | now | | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 6 | **spread** | present | human fleas and lice | plague | | | | from person to person | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location it=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:222-rats-and-mice-in-the-city-and-the-elephant-and-mouse-myth.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Rats and mice in the city, and the ele…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/222-rats-and-mice-in-the-city-and-the-elephant-and-mouse-myth/8/) - next →: [Rats and mice in the city, and the ele…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/222-rats-and-mice-in-the-city-and-the-elephant-and-mouse-myth/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/222-rats-and-mice-in-the-city-and-the-elephant-and-mouse-myth/)