--- title: Herring gulls seem to be everywhere in towns, but in the wild their… — Gulls: chip thieves, rain dances and salty water · tree and pragmatics description: Herring gulls seem to be everywhere in towns, but in the wild their numbers have fallen, and in Britain they are a protected species. Who acts: Herring gulls, numbers. A sentence of the lesson «Gulls: chip thieves, rain dances and salty water» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/223-gulls-chip-thieves-rain-dances-and-salty-water/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Gulls: chip thieves, rain dances and s…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/223-gulls-chip-thieves-rain-dances-and-salty-water/) / 14 # Gulls: chip thieves, rain dances and salty water, sentence 14 Herring gulls seem to be everywhere in towns, but in the wild their numbers have fallen, and in Britain they are a protected species. **Who acts:** Herring gulls, numbers · **What happens:** seem, be, fall, protect · **To what, where:** towns, wild, protected species, Britain This is a sentence of the lesson «Gulls: chip thieves, rain dances and salty water» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Herring gulls, numbers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:223-gulls-chip-thieves-rain-dances-and-salty-water.lesson:14 # text = Herring gulls seem to be everywhere in towns, but in the wild their numbers have fallen, and in Britain they are a protected species. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 223-gulls-chip-thieves-rain-dances-and-salty-water.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Herring herring NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 gulls gull NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 seem seem VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 to to PART TO _ 8 mark _ _ 5 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 8 cop _ _ 6 everywhere everywhere ADV RB PronType=Tot 8 advmod _ _ 7 in in ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 towns town NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 xcomp _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 10 but but CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 11 in in ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 wild wild NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ _ 14 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ _ 15 numbers number NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 nsubj _ _ 16 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 aux _ _ 17 fallen fall VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 3 conj _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 20 in in ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 Britain Britain PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 obl _ _ 22 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nsubj _ _ 23 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 cop _ _ 24 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 25 protected protect VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 26 amod _ _ 26 species species NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 conj _ _ 27 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **seem** | present | Herring gulls | | | | | | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **is** | to-infinitive | Herring gulls *not said here* | | | towns | | everywhere *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **fall** | present · perfect | towns's numbers | | | the wild | | | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in wild=Location | | 4 | **protect** | participle | | | | | | | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **is a** | present | numbers *= number* | a protected species | | Britain | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:223-gulls-chip-thieves-rain-dances-and-salty-water.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Gulls: chip thieves, rain dances and s…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/223-gulls-chip-thieves-rain-dances-and-salty-water/13/) - next →: [Gulls: chip thieves, rain dances and s…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/223-gulls-chip-thieves-rain-dances-and-salty-water/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/223-gulls-chip-thieves-rain-dances-and-salty-water/)