--- title: Before spraying, a skunk warns by stamping its feet and raising its… — Raccoons, opossums and skunks · tree and pragmatics description: Before spraying, a skunk warns by stamping its feet and raising its tail; then it sprays a very smelly liquid from glands under its tail. Who acts: skunk, tail. A sentence of the lesson «Raccoons, opossums and skunks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pr --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/224-raccoons-opossums-and-skunks/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Raccoons, opossums and skunks](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/224-raccoons-opossums-and-skunks/) / 15 # Raccoons, opossums and skunks, sentence 15 Before spraying, a skunk warns by stamping its feet and raising its tail; then it sprays a very smelly liquid from glands under its tail. **Who acts:** skunk, tail · **What happens:** spray, warn, stamp, raise · **To what, where:** feet, tail, smelly liquid, glands This is a sentence of the lesson «Raccoons, opossums and skunks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (skunk, tail), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:224-raccoons-opossums-and-skunks.lesson:15 # text = Before spraying, a skunk warns by stamping its feet and raising its tail; then it sprays a very smelly liquid from glands under its tail. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 224-raccoons-opossums-and-skunks.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Before before SCONJ IN _ 2 mark _ _ 2 spraying spray VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 6 advcl _ _ 3 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 skunk skunk NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 6 warns warn VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 by by SCONJ IN _ 8 mark _ _ 8 stamping stamp VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 6 advcl _ _ 9 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ _ 10 feet foot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obj _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 raising raise VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 8 conj _ _ 13 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ _ 14 tail tail NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obj _ _ 15 ; ; PUNCT : _ 18 punct _ _ 16 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 18 advmod _ _ 17 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 18 sprays spray VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:conj 19 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 20 very very ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ _ 21 smelly smelly ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 22 liquid liquid NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obj _ _ 23 from from ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 glands gland NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=22:nmod 25 under under ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ _ 27 tail tail NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nmod _ _ 28 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **spray** | gerund | a skunk *not said here* | | | | | | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **warn** *speech: warn* | present | a skunk | | | | | | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **stamp** | gerund | a skunk *not said here* | skunk's feet | | | | | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent foot=Destination | | 4 | **raise** | gerund | a skunk *not said here* | skunk's tail | | | | | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tail=Theme | | 5 | **spray** | present | tail | a smelly liquid | | glands under tail's tail | then | | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent liquid=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:224-raccoons-opossums-and-skunks.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Raccoons, opossums and skunks, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/224-raccoons-opossums-and-skunks/14/) - next →: [Raccoons, opossums and skunks, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/224-raccoons-opossums-and-skunks/16/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/224-raccoons-opossums-and-skunks/)