--- title: Raccoons were brought to Europe and some escaped; now they live wild… — Raccoons, opossums and skunks · tree and pragmatics description: Raccoons were brought to Europe and some escaped; now they live wild in Germany and are spreading to nearby countries. Who acts: some, scientists. A sentence of the lesson «Raccoons, opossums and skunks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ev --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/224-raccoons-opossums-and-skunks/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Raccoons, opossums and skunks](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/224-raccoons-opossums-and-skunks/) / 9 # Raccoons, opossums and skunks, sentence 9 Raccoons were brought to Europe and some escaped; now they live wild in Germany and are spreading to nearby countries. **Who acts:** some, scientists · **What happens:** bring, escape, live, spread · **To what, where:** Raccoons, Europe, Germany This is a sentence of the lesson «Raccoons, opossums and skunks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (some, scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:224-raccoons-opossums-and-skunks.lesson:9 # text = Raccoons were brought to Europe and some escaped; now they live wild in Germany and are spreading to nearby countries. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 224-raccoons-opossums-and-skunks.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3 1 Raccoons raccoon NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 brought bring VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 to to ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 Europe Europe PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 7 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 8 nsubj _ _ 8 escaped escape VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 9 ; ; PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 10 now now ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 11 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ _ 12 live live VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 13 wild wild ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 xcomp _ _ 14 in in ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 Germany Germany PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 17 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 aux _ _ 18 spreading spread VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 12 conj _ _ 19 to to ADP IN _ 21 case _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=21:mark|HaikuPos=PART:TO:_ 20 nearby nearby ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 countries country NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=18:obj 22 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **bring** | past · passive | | Raccoons | Europe | | | | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to europe=Destination | | 2 | **escape** | past | some | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **live** | present | scientists *= scientist* | | | Germany | now | wild *property* | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in germany=Location | | 4 | **spread** | present · progressive | scientists *= scientist* *not said here* | | | | | to nearby countries | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:224-raccoons-opossums-and-skunks.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Raccoons, opossums and skunks, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/224-raccoons-opossums-and-skunks/8/) - next →: [Raccoons, opossums and skunks, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/224-raccoons-opossums-and-skunks/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/224-raccoons-opossums-and-skunks/)