---
title: Hedgehogs must never be given cow's milk, which upsets their stomach… — Kindness to wild animals · tree and pragmatics
description: Hedgehogs must never be given cow's milk, which upsets their stomachs; water is best. Who acts: milk, water. A sentence of the lesson «Kindness to wild animals» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kindness to wild animals, sentence 16

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Hedgehogs must never be given cow's milk, which upsets their stomachs; water is best.

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**Who acts:** milk, water · **What happens:** not give, upset, be · **To what, where:** Hedgehogs, stomachs

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Kindness to wild animals» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (milk, water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:226-kindness-to-wild-animals.lesson:16
# text = Hedgehogs must never be given cow's milk, which upsets their stomachs; water is best.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 226-kindness-to-wild-animals.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Hedgehogs	hedgehog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	cow	cow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	upsets	upset	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	stomachs	stomach	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
15	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
17	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	parataxis	_	_
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: warn
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=warn

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **give** | must · passive |  | Hedgehogs |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient milk=Theme |
| 2 | **upset** | present | cow's milk | hedgehogs's stomachs |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus stomach=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is** | present | water |  |  |  |  | good *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:226-kindness-to-wild-animals.lesson:16`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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