--- title: Shout «hello» in a big empty hall and a moment later the walls shout… — Echolocation: how bats see with sound · tree and pragmatics description: Shout «hello» in a big empty hall and a moment later the walls shout it back: that returning sound is an echo. Who acts: you, walls, returning sound. A sentence of the lesson «Echolocation: how bats see with sound» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragm --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Echolocation: how bats see with sound](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/) / 0 # Echolocation: how bats see with sound, sentence 0 Shout «hello» in a big empty hall and a moment later the walls shout it back: that returning sound is an echo. **Who acts:** you, walls, returning sound · **What happens:** shout, shout back, return, be · **To what, where:** big empty hall, hall, echo This is a sentence of the lesson «Echolocation: how bats see with sound» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, walls, returning sound), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound.lesson:0 # text = Shout «hello» in a big empty hall and a moment later the walls shout it back: that returning sound is an echo. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1 1 Shout shout VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 « « PUNCT `` _ 3 punct _ _ 3 hello hello INTJ UH _ 1 obj _ _ 4 » » PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=9:punct 5 in in ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 7 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 8 empty empty ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 hall hall NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obl _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 11 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 moment moment NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl:unmarked _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=16:obl:unmarked 13 later late ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 16 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:advmod 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 walls wall NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 nsubj _ _ 16 shout shout VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 1 conj _ _ 17 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 obj _ _ 18 back back ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 19 : : PUNCT : _ 1 punct _ _ 20 that that DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 22 det _ _ 21 returning return VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 22 amod _ _ 22 sound sound NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ _ 23 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 cop _ _ 24 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 echo echo NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 parataxis _ _ 26 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **shout** *speech: express* | imperative | you *not said here* | | | a big empty hall | | | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hello=Topic | | 2 | **shout back** *speech: express* | present | the walls | hall | | | | late *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic | | 3 | **return** | gerund | | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **is a** | present | that returning sound | a echo | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Cartoon pets and animal myths put right, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/228-cartoon-pets-and-animal-myths-put-right/15/) - next →: [Echolocation: how bats see with sound, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/)