--- title: Bracken Cave in Texas holds about 15 million bats in summer, and eac… — Echolocation: how bats see with sound · tree and pragmatics description: Bracken Cave in Texas holds about 15 million bats in summer, and each mother finds her own pup by its call and smell; when they all fly out at dusk, the huge cloud of bats shows up on weather radar like a rain cloud. Who acts: Bracken Cave, mother, calls, huge cloud. A sentence of the lesson «Echolo --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Echolocation: how bats see with sound](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/) / 11 # Echolocation: how bats see with sound, sentence 11 Bracken Cave in Texas holds about 15 million bats in summer, and each mother finds her own pup by its call and smell; when they all fly out at dusk, the huge cloud of bats shows up on weather radar like a rain cloud. **Who acts:** Bracken Cave, mother, calls, huge cloud, pup · **What happens:** hold, find, fly out, show up, call, cloud · **To what, where:** million bats, own pup, weather radar, bats · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Echolocation: how bats see with sound» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bracken Cave, mother, calls, huge cloud), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound.lesson:11 # text = Bracken Cave in Texas holds about 15 million bats in summer, and each mother finds her own pup by its call and smell; when they all fly out at dusk, the huge cloud of bats shows up on weather radar like a rain cloud. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 Bracken bracken PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 compound _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=2:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 2 Cave cave PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=5:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 3 in in ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 Texas Texas PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 5 holds hold VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 about about ADV RB _ 7 advmod _ _ 7 15 15 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 8 compound _ _ 8 million million NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 9 nummod _ _ 9 bats bat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obj _ _ 10 in in ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 summer summer NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:nmod 12 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 14 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 15 det _ _ 15 mother mother NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ _ 16 finds find VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 17 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ _ 18 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 pup pup NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obj _ _ 20 by by ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ _ 22 call call NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obl _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 24 smell smell NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=16:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VBP:Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 ; ; PUNCT : _ 29 punct _ _ 26 when when SCONJ WRB _ 29 mark _ _ 27 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ _ 28 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 29 advmod _ _ 29 fly fly VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 39 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:advcl 30 out out ADP RP _ 29 compound:prt _ _ 31 at at ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 32 dusk dusk NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obl _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 35 huge huge ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 36 amod _ _ 36 cloud cloud NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 nsubj _ _ 37 of of ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 38 bats bat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 nmod _ _ 39 shows show VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 40 up up ADP RP _ 39 compound:prt _ _ 41 on on ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 42 weather weather NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 compound _ _ 43 radar radar NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 obl _ _ 44 like like ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 45 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 47 det _ _ 46 rain rain NOUN NN Number=Sing 47 compound _ _ 47 cloud cloud NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=43:nmod 48 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **hold** | present | Bracken Cave in Texas | million bats | | | summer | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bat=Theme | | 2 | **find** | present | each mother | mother's own pup | | | | by pup's call and smell | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pup=Topic | | 3 | **fly out** | present | calls *= call* | | | | dusk | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **show up** | present | the huge cloud of bats | | | weather radar | | like a rain cloud | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on radar=Location | | 5 | **call** | | pup | | | | | | nom call «communication transitive»: poss=agent | | 6 | **cloud** | | | bats | | | | | nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Echolocation: how bats see with sound, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/10/) - next →: [Echolocation: how bats see with sound, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/)