--- title: Real vampire bats are tiny, live in Central and South America and mo… — Echolocation: how bats see with sound · tree and pragmatics description: Real vampire bats are tiny, live in Central and South America and mostly lap blood from sleeping cows, horses and birds; they share food with hungry friends. Who acts: Real vampire bats, calls. A sentence of the lesson «Echolocation: how bats see with sound» of the biology course of Mova's primary s --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Echolocation: how bats see with sound](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/) / 12 # Echolocation: how bats see with sound, sentence 12 Real vampire bats are tiny, live in Central and South America and mostly lap blood from sleeping cows, horses and birds; they share food with hungry friends. **Who acts:** Real vampire bats, calls · **What happens:** be, live, lap, share · **To what, where:** Central, blood, food This is a sentence of the lesson «Echolocation: how bats see with sound» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Real vampire bats, calls), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound.lesson:12 # text = Real vampire bats are tiny, live in Central and South America and mostly lap blood from sleeping cows, horses and birds; they share food with hungry friends. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Real real ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 2 vampire vampire NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 bats bat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 4 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 5 tiny tiny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 7 live live VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 8 in in ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 Central Central PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 11 South South PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:compound 12 America America PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 conj _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 14 mostly mostly ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ _ 15 lap lap VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 16 blood blood NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obj _ _ 17 from from ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 sleeping sleeping NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 compound _ _ 19 cows cow NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 obl _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 21 horses horse NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 conj _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 23 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 conj _ _ 24 ; ; PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 25 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nsubj _ _ 26 share share VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:conj 27 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obj _ _ 28 with with ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 hungry hungry ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 30 friends friend NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obl _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=assert, polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | Real vampire bats | | | | | tiny *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **live** | present | Real vampire bats *not said here* | | | Central and South and America | | | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in central=Location | | 3 | **lap** | present | Real vampire bats *not said here* | blood | | | | from sleeping cows and horses and birds; mostly *property* | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blood=Patient | | 4 | **share** | present | calls *= call* | food | | | | with hungry friends | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Echolocation: how bats see with sound, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/11/) - next →: [Echolocation: how bats see with sound, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/)