--- title: Using echoes to find things is called echolocation, and bats had it… — Echolocation: how bats see with sound · tree and pragmatics description: Using echoes to find things is called echolocation, and bats had it for millions of years before people invented machines that do the same. Who acts: bats, people, machines. A sentence of the lesson «Echolocation: how bats see with sound» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its depen --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Echolocation: how bats see with sound](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/) / 4 # Echolocation: how bats see with sound, sentence 4 Using echoes to find things is called echolocation, and bats had it for millions of years before people invented machines that do the same. **Who acts:** bats, people, machines · **What happens:** use, find, call, have, invent, do · **To what, where:** echoes, things, echolocation, echo, machines, same · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Echolocation: how bats see with sound» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bats, people, machines), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound.lesson:4 # text = Using echoes to find things is called echolocation, and bats had it for millions of years before people invented machines that do the same. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Using use VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 7 advcl _ _ 2 echoes echo NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 obj _ _ 3 to to PART TO _ 4 mark _ _ 4 find find VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 1 advcl _ _ 5 things thing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ 6 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 aux:pass _ _ 7 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 8 echolocation echolocation NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 xcomp _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 11 bats bat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 nsubj _ _ 12 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 13 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 obj _ _ 14 for for ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 millions million NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obl _ _ 16 of of ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 nmod _ _ 18 before before SCONJ IN _ 20 mark _ _ 19 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 nsubj _ _ 20 invented invent VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 advcl _ _ 21 machines machine NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obj _ _ 22 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 23 nsubj _ _ 23 do do VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 acl:relcl _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 same same ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 obj _ _ 26 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **use** | gerund | | echoes | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent echo=Patient | | 2 | **find** | to-infinitive | | things | | | | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Topic | | 3 | **call** | present · passive | | echolocation | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V» | | 4 | **have** | past | bats | echo | | | | for millions of years | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient | | 5 | **invent** | past | people | machines | | | | | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent machine=Result | | 6 | **do** | present | machines | the same | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent same=Eventuality | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Echolocation: how bats see with sound, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/3/) - next →: [Echolocation: how bats see with sound, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/)