--- title: Most bat calls are ultrasound, too high for grown-ups to hear; a bat… — Echolocation: how bats see with sound · tree and pragmatics description: Most bat calls are ultrasound, too high for grown-ups to hear; a bat detector turns them into clicks we can hear. Who acts: Most bat calls, grown ups, bat detector, we. A sentence of the lesson «Echolocation: how bats see with sound» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Echolocation: how bats see with sound](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/) / 6 # Echolocation: how bats see with sound, sentence 6 Most bat calls are ultrasound, too high for grown-ups to hear; a bat detector turns them into clicks we can hear. **Who acts:** Most bat calls, grown ups, bat detector, we · **What happens:** be, grow, hear, turn · **To what, where:** ultrasound, ups, clicks This is a sentence of the lesson «Echolocation: how bats see with sound» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Most bat calls, grown ups, bat detector, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound.lesson:6 # text = Most bat calls are ultrasound, too high for grown-ups to hear; a bat detector turns them into clicks we can hear. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 3 amod _ _ 2 bat bat NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 calls call NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 4 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 5 ultrasound ultrasound NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 7 too too ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 8 high high ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 conj _ _ 9 for for SCONJ IN _ 12 mark _ _ 10 grown grow VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 12 amod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=12:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:_ 11 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 12 punct _ _ 12 ups up NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 nsubj _ _ 13 to to PART TO _ 14 mark _ _ 14 hear hear VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 8 advcl _ _ 15 ; ; PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 16 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 17 bat bat NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 compound _ _ 18 detector detector NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ _ 19 turns turn VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 20 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 obj _ _ 21 into into ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 clicks click NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obl _ _ 23 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 24 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 25 aux _ _ 25 hear hear VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 22 acl:relcl _ _ 26 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Most bat calls | ultrasound | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **be** | | Most bat calls *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **grow** | participle | | | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **hear** | to-infinitive | grown ups | | | | | | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer | | 5 | **turn** | present | a bat detector | ups *= up* | | clicks | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent they=Theme into click=Trajectory | | 6 | **hear** | can | we | clicks *not said here* | | | | | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer click=Stimulus | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound.lesson:6`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Echolocation: how bats see with sound, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/5/) - next →: [Echolocation: how bats see with sound, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/7/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/)