--- title: Just before it grabs a moth, a bat calls faster and faster, up to ab… — Echolocation: how bats see with sound · tree and pragmatics description: Just before it grabs a moth, a bat calls faster and faster, up to about 200 calls a second; this is called the feeding buzz. Who acts: fruit, bat. A sentence of the lesson «Echolocation: how bats see with sound» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmati --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Echolocation: how bats see with sound](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/) / 8 # Echolocation: how bats see with sound, sentence 8 Just before it grabs a moth, a bat calls faster and faster, up to about 200 calls a second; this is called the feeding buzz. **Who acts:** fruit, bat · **What happens:** grab, call · **To what, where:** moth, 200 calls, this · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Echolocation: how bats see with sound» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fruit, bat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound.lesson:8 # text = Just before it grabs a moth, a bat calls faster and faster, up to about 200 calls a second; this is called the feeding buzz. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 Just just ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 2 before before SCONJ IN _ 4 mark _ _ 3 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 4 grabs grab VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 moth moth NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 bat bat NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _ 10 calls call VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 11 faster fast ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 10 xcomp _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 13 faster fast ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 11 conj _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 15 up up ADV RB _ 19 advmod _ _ 16 to to ADP IN _ 15 fixed _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=19:case 17 about about ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 18 200 200 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 19 nummod _ _ 19 calls call NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obj _ _ 20 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 second second NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nmod:unmarked _ _ 22 ; ; PUNCT : _ 25 punct _ _ 23 this this PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 25 nsubj:pass _ _ 24 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 aux:pass _ _ 25 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 conj _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 27 feeding feeding NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 compound _ _ 28 buzz buzz NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 xcomp _ _ 29 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **grab** | present | fruit | a moth | | | | | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent moth=Theme | | 2 | **call** | present | a bat | 200 calls a second | | | | fast *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent call=Recipient | | 3 | **call** | present · passive | | this | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Echolocation: how bats see with sound, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/7/) - next →: [Echolocation: how bats see with sound, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/)