--- title: Some tiger moths click back at bats to jam their echoes or warn that… — Echolocation: how bats see with sound · tree and pragmatics description: Some tiger moths click back at bats to jam their echoes or warn that they taste nasty, and some moths can hear bats and dive away; the fluffy scales on some moths' wings soak up sound, so the bat hears less echo. Who acts: tiger moths, calls, moths, fluffy scales. A sentence of the lesson «Echolocat --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Echolocation: how bats see with sound](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/) / 9 # Echolocation: how bats see with sound, sentence 9 Some tiger moths click back at bats to jam their echoes or warn that they taste nasty, and some moths can hear bats and dive away; the fluffy scales on some moths' wings soak up sound, so the bat hears less echo. **Who acts:** tiger moths, calls, moths, fluffy scales, bat · **What happens:** click back, jam, warn, taste, hear, dive away · **To what, where:** bats, echoes, sound, less echo · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Echolocation: how bats see with sound» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tiger moths, calls, moths, fluffy scales), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound.lesson:9 # text = Some tiger moths click back at bats to jam their echoes or warn that they taste nasty, and some moths can hear bats and dive away; the fluffy scales on some moths' wings soak up sound, so the bat hears less echo. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 Some some DET DT PronType=Ind 3 det _ _ 2 tiger tiger NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 moths moth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 4 click click VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=0:root|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 5 back back ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 6 at at ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 bats bat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 8 to to PART TO _ 9 mark _ _ 9 jam jam VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 advcl _ _ 10 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ _ 11 echoes echo NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obj _ _ 12 or or CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 13 warn warn VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 9 conj _ _ 14 that that SCONJ IN _ 16 mark _ _ 15 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ _ 16 taste taste VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 ccomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=13:advcl 17 nasty nasty ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 xcomp _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 20 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 21 det _ _ 21 moths moth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ _ 22 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 23 aux _ _ 23 hear hear VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:conj 24 bats bat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obj _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 26 dive dive VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 23 conj _ _ 27 away away ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 28 ; ; PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 30 fluffy fluffy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 31 scales scale NOUN NNS Number=Plur 37 nsubj _ _ 32 on on ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 33 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 34 det _ _ 34 moths moth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 nmod:poss _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=36:compound 35 ' 's PART POS _ 34 case _ _ 36 wings wing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 nmod _ _ 37 soak soak VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=4:parataxis|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 38 up up ADP RP _ 37 compound:prt _ _ 39 sound sound NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obj _ _ 40 , , PUNCT , _ 44 punct _ _ 41 so so ADV RB _ 44 advmod _ _ 42 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 43 det _ _ 43 bat bat NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 nsubj _ _ 44 hears hear VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 45 less less ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 46 amod _ _ 46 echo echo NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 obj _ _ 47 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **click back** | present | some tiger moths | | | bats | | | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at bat=Location | | 2 | **jam** | to-infinitive | some tiger moths *not said here* | calls's echoes | | | | | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: agent=Theme echo=Destination | | 3 | **warn** *speech: warn* | infinitive | some tiger moths *not said here* | | | | | | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 4 | **taste** | present | calls *= call* | | | | | nasty *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | | 5 | **hear** | can | some moths | bats | | | | | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer bat=Stimulus | | 6 | **dive away** | infinitive | some moths *not said here* | | | | | away *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 7 | **soak up** | present | the fluffy scales on some moths's wings | sound | | | | | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent sound=Source | | 8 | **hear** | present | the bat | less echo | | | | | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer echo=Stimulus | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Echolocation: how bats see with sound, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/8/) - next →: [Echolocation: how bats see with sound, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/)