--- title: In winter, when food is scarce, many bears sleep in a den for months… — Bears · tree and pragmatics description: In winter, when food is scarce, many bears sleep in a den for months to save energy, living on stored fat without eating, drinking or going to the toilet, while their heartbeat slows a lot. Who acts: food, many bears, heartbeat. A sentence of the lesson «Bears» of the biology course of Mova's primar --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/23-bears/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Bears](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/23-bears/) / 10 # Bears, sentence 10 In winter, when food is scarce, many bears sleep in a den for months to save energy, living on stored fat without eating, drinking or going to the toilet, while their heartbeat slows a lot. **Who acts:** food, many bears, heartbeat · **What happens:** be, sleep, save, live, store, eat · **To what, where:** den, energy, stored fat, toilet, lot This is a sentence of the lesson «Bears» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (food, many bears, heartbeat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:023-bears.lesson:10 # text = In winter, when food is scarce, many bears sleep in a den for months to save energy, living on stored fat without eating, drinking or going to the toilet, while their heartbeat slows a lot. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 023-bears.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 In in ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 winter winter NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ _ 3 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 4 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 7 advmod _ _ 5 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 6 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _ 7 scarce scarce ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 advcl _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 9 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 bears bear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 nsubj _ _ 11 sleep sleep VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 12 in in ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 den den NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ _ 15 for for ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 months month NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obl _ _ 17 to to PART TO _ 18 mark _ _ 18 save save VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 11 advcl _ _ 19 energy energy NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obj _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 21 living live VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 18 advcl _ _ 22 on on ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 stored store VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 24 amod _ _ 24 fat fat NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obl _ _ 25 without without SCONJ IN _ 26 mark _ _ 26 eating eat VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 21 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=21:conj 27 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 28 drinking drink VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 26 conj _ _ 29 or or CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 30 going go VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 26 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=28:conj 31 to to ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 toilet toilet NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obl _ _ 34 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 35 while while SCONJ IN _ 38 mark _ _ 36 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 37 nmod:poss _ _ 37 heartbeat heartbeat NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 nsubj _ _ 38 slows slow VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 advcl _ _ 39 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 40 lot lot NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=38:obj 41 . . PUNCT . _ 11 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | food | | | | | scarce *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **sleep** | present | many bears | | | a den | month; winter | | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in den=Location | | 3 | **save** | to-infinitive | many bears *not said here* | energy | | | | | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Theme | | 4 | **live** | gerund | many bears *not said here* | | | stored fat | | | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on fat=Location | | 5 | **store** | participle | | | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **eat** | gerund | many bears *not said here* | | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **drink** | gerund | many bears *not said here* | | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 8 | **go** | gerund | many bears *not said here* | | | the toilet | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to toilet=Initial\_Location | | 9 | **slow** | present | holes's heartbeat | a lot | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:023-bears.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Bears, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/23-bears/9/) - next →: [Bears, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/23-bears/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/23-bears/)