---
title: Black and brown bear cubs are born in the den in midwinter and are o… — Bears · tree and pragmatics
description: Black and brown bear cubs are born in the den in midwinter and are only about the size of a guinea pig. A sentence of the lesson «Bears» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Bears, sentence 11

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Black and brown bear cubs are born in the den in midwinter and are only about the size of a guinea pig.

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**What happens:** bear, be · **To what, where:** Black bear cubs, den, size

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Bears» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:023-bears.lesson:11
# text = Black and brown bear cubs are born in the den in midwinter and are only about the size of a guinea pig.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 023-bears.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
4	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	cubs	cub	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	den	den	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	midwinter	midwinter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=10:nmod
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
14	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
15	only	only	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
16	about	about	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=18:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	guinea	guinea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	pig	pig	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | present · passive |  | Black bear cubs |  | the den |  | in midwinter | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | the size |  |  |  | of a guinea pig; about *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:023-bears.lesson:11`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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