---
title: The sun bear is the smallest bear; it lives in Southeast Asian rainf… — Bears · tree and pragmatics
description: The sun bear is the smallest bear; it lives in Southeast Asian rainforests and has a tongue up to about 25 centimetres long for honey and insects. Who acts: sun bear, bear. A sentence of the lesson «Bears» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of 
---

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# Bears, sentence 13

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The sun bear is the smallest bear; it lives in Southeast Asian rainforests and has a tongue up to about 25 centimetres long for honey and insects.

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**Who acts:** sun bear, bear · **What happens:** be, live, have · **To what, where:** smallest bear, Southeast Asian rainforests, tongue

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Bears» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sun bear, bear), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:023-bears.lesson:13
# text = The sun bear is the smallest bear; it lives in Southeast Asian rainforests and has a tongue up to about 25 centimetres long for honey and insects.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 023-bears.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	smallest	small	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	7	amod	_	_
7	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	Southeast	Southeast	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
13	Asian	Asian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	rainforests	rainforest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	tongue	tongue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	up	up	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	fixed	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=23:case
21	about	about	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	25	25	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	23	nummod	_	_
23	centimetres	centimetre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nmod:unmarked	_	_
24	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	23	advmod	_	_
25	for	for	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	honey	honey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	conj	_	_
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the sun bear | the smallest bear |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | present | bear |  |  | Southeast Asian rainforests |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in rainforest=Location |
| 3 | **have** | present | bear *not said here* | a tongue  25 centimetres |  |  |  | for honey and insects | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tongue=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:023-bears.lesson:13`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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