--- title: A beluga whale can change the shape of its melon to aim its clicks,… — Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins,… · tree and pragmatics description: A beluga whale can change the shape of its melon to aim its clicks, and it uses echoes to find breathing holes in Arctic ice. Who acts: beluga whale, shape. A sentence of the lesson «Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, swiftlets and clicking humans» of the biology course of Mova --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Echolocation in the sea and in people:…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/) / 11 # Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, swiftlets and clicking humans, sentence 11 A beluga whale can change the shape of its melon to aim its clicks, and it uses echoes to find breathing holes in Arctic ice. **Who acts:** beluga whale, shape · **What happens:** change, aim, use, find, breathe, click · **To what, where:** shape, clicks, echoes, breathing holes, Arctic ice This is a sentence of the lesson «Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, swiftlets and clicking humans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (beluga whale, shape), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans.lesson:11 # text = A beluga whale can change the shape of its melon to aim its clicks, and it uses echoes to find breathing holes in Arctic ice. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 beluga beluga NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 whale whale NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 4 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ _ 5 change change VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 shape shape NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obj _ _ 8 of of ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ _ 10 melon melon NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ 11 to to PART TO _ 12 mark _ _ 12 aim aim VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=10:acl 13 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ _ 14 clicks click NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obj _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 17 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 18 uses use VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 19 echoes echo NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obj _ _ 20 to to PART TO _ 21 mark _ _ 21 find find VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 18 advcl _ _ 22 breathing breathe VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 23 amod _ _ 23 holes hole NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obj _ _ 24 in in ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 Arctic arctic ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 26 ice ice NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nmod _ _ 27 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **change** | can | a beluga whale | the shape of shape's melon | | | | | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shape=Patient | | 2 | **aim** | to-infinitive | a beluga whale *not said here* | shape's clicks | | | | | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot click=Theme | | 3 | **use** | present | shape | echoes | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent echo=Patient | | 4 | **find** | to-infinitive | shape *not said here* | breathing holes | | Arctic ice | | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hole=Topic | | 5 | **breathe** | gerund | | | | | | | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **click** | | shape | | | | | | nom click «event transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Echolocation in the sea and in people:…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/10/) - next →: [Echolocation in the sea and in people:…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/)