--- title: Loud noise from ships and underwater building can drown out whale an… — Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins,… · tree and pragmatics description: Loud noise from ships and underwater building can drown out whale and dolphin calls; after 11 September 2001, when few ships sailed for a few days, scientists found right whales were calmer and less stressed. Who acts: Loud noise, few ships, scientists, right whales. A sentence of the lesson «Echolo --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Echolocation in the sea and in people:…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/) / 12 # Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, swiftlets and clicking humans, sentence 12 Loud noise from ships and underwater building can drown out whale and dolphin calls; after 11 September 2001, when few ships sailed for a few days, scientists found right whales were calmer and less stressed. **Who acts:** Loud noise, few ships, scientists, right whales · **What happens:** drown out, sail, find, be · **To what, where:** whale · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, swiftlets and clicking humans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Loud noise, few ships, scientists, right whales), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans.lesson:12 # text = Loud noise from ships and underwater building can drown out whale and dolphin calls; after 11 September 2001, when few ships sailed for a few days, scientists found right whales were calmer and less stressed. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Loud loud ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 noise noise NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _ 3 from from ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 ships ship NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nmod _ _ 5 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 6 underwater underwater ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 7 building building NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 conj _ _ 8 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 9 aux _ _ 9 drown drown VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 10 out out ADP RP _ 9 compound:prt _ _ 11 whale whale NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obj _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 13 dolphin dolphin NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=14:compound 14 calls call NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 conj _ _ 15 ; ; PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 16 after after ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 11 11 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 18 nummod _ _ 18 September September PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 obl _ _ 19 2001 2001 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 17 nmod:unmarked _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 21 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 24 advmod _ _ 22 few few ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 ships ship NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 nsubj _ _ 24 sailed sail VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 31 advcl _ _ 25 for for ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 26 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 27 few few ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 28 days day NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obl _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 30 scientists scientist NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 nsubj _ _ 31 found find VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 9 advcl _ _ 32 right right ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 amod _ _ 33 whales whale NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 nsubj _ _ 34 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 35 cop _ _ 35 calmer calm ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 31 ccomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=31:xcomp 36 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 37 less less ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 38 advmod _ _ 38 stressed stress ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 conj _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **drown out** | can | Loud noise from ships and underwater building | whale and dolphin and calls | | | | | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whale=Patient | | 2 | **sail** | past | few ships | | | | day | | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **find** | past | scientists | | | | september | | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **is** | past | right whales | | | | | calm *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **be** | | right whales *not said here* | | | | | less *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Echolocation in the sea and in people:…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/11/) - next →: [Echolocation in the sea and in people:…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/)