--- title: Fish do not talk, but many make sounds by drumming muscles on their… — Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins,… · tree and pragmatics description: Fish do not talk, but many make sounds by drumming muscles on their swim bladder, grinding teeth or rubbing bones, and a coral reef at night is noisy with the crackle of snapping shrimps and the grunts of fish. Who acts: Fish, many, coral reef, snapping shrimps. A sentence of the lesson «Echolocatio --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Echolocation in the sea and in people:…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/) / 13 # Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, swiftlets and clicking humans, sentence 13 Fish do not talk, but many make sounds by drumming muscles on their swim bladder, grinding teeth or rubbing bones, and a coral reef at night is noisy with the crackle of snapping shrimps and the grunts of fish. **Who acts:** Fish, many, coral reef, snapping shrimps · **What happens:** not talk, make, drum, grind, rub, be · **To what, where:** sounds, muscles, teeth, bones This is a sentence of the lesson «Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, swiftlets and clicking humans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Fish, many, coral reef, snapping shrimps), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans.lesson:13 # text = Fish do not talk, but many make sounds by drumming muscles on their swim bladder, grinding teeth or rubbing bones, and a coral reef at night is noisy with the crackle of snapping shrimps and the grunts of fish. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 Fish fish NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 2 do do AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 3 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 4 advmod _ _ 4 talk talk VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 6 but but CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 7 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=8:nsubj|HaikuPos=PRON:JJ:PronType=Ind 8 make make VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 9 sounds sound NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obj _ _ 10 by by SCONJ IN _ 11 mark _ _ 11 drumming drum VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 8 advcl _ _ 12 muscles muscle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obj _ _ 13 on on ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 14 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ _ 15 swim swim NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 compound _ _ 16 bladder bladder NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 18 grinding grind VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 11 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=8:advcl 19 teeth tooth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obj _ _ 20 or or CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 21 rubbing rub VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 18 conj _ _ 22 bones bone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obj _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=27:punct 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 25 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 26 coral coral ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 amod _ _ 27 reef reef NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ _ 28 at at ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=31:obl 30 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 cop _ _ 31 noisy noisy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=8:conj 32 with with ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 crackle crackle NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obl _ _ 35 of of SCONJ IN _ 37 case _ _ 36 snapping snap VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 37 amod _ _ 37 shrimps shrimp NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 nmod _ _ 38 and and CCONJ CC _ 40 cc _ _ 39 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 40 grunts grunt NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 conj _ _ 41 of of ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 42 fish fish NOUN NNS Number=Plur 40 nmod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=40:nmod|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 43 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **talk** | present · do-support | Fish | | | | | | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **make** | present | many | sounds | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product | | 3 | **drum** | gerund | many *not said here* | muscles | | | | on muscles's swim bladder | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent muscle=Instrument on bladder=Patient | | 4 | **grind** | gerund | many *not said here* | teeth | | | | | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient | | 5 | **rub** | gerund | many *not said here* | bones | | | | | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent bone=Theme | | 6 | **is** | present | a coral reef at night | | | | | with the crackle of snapping shrimps and the grunts of fish; noisy *property* | tree rules | | 7 | **snap** | gerund | | | | | | | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 8 | **crackle** | | snapping shrimps | | | | | | nom crackle «event intransitive»: of=agent | | 9 | **grunt** | | fish | | | | | | nom grunt «event intransitive»: of=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Echolocation in the sea and in people:…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/12/) - next →: [Echolocation in the sea and in people:…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/)