--- title: Toothed whales like dolphins, orcas and sperm whales echolocate; bal… — Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins,… · tree and pragmatics description: Toothed whales like dolphins, orcas and sperm whales echolocate; baleen whales like the blue whale and humpback do not seem to, because they gulp huge mouthfuls of tiny krill instead of chasing single fast prey. Who acts: Toothed whales, baleen whales, whales. A sentence of the lesson «Echolocation --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Echolocation in the sea and in people:…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/) / 14 # Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, swiftlets and clicking humans, sentence 14 Toothed whales like dolphins, orcas and sperm whales echolocate; baleen whales like the blue whale and humpback do not seem to, because they gulp huge mouthfuls of tiny krill instead of chasing single fast prey. **Who acts:** Toothed whales, baleen whales, whales · **What happens:** echolocate, not seem, gulp, chase · **To what, where:** huge mouthfuls, single fast prey This is a sentence of the lesson «Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, swiftlets and clicking humans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Toothed whales, baleen whales, whales), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans.lesson:14 # text = Toothed whales like dolphins, orcas and sperm whales echolocate; baleen whales like the blue whale and humpback do not seem to, because they gulp huge mouthfuls of tiny krill instead of chasing single fast prey. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Toothed tooth ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 whales whale NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 nsubj _ _ 3 like like ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 dolphins dolphin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nmod _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 6 orcas orca NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=2:conj 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 8 sperm sperm NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 compound _ _ 9 whales whale NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 conj _ _ 10 echolocate echolocate VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 parataxis _ _ 11 ; ; PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 12 baleen baleen NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 compound _ _ 13 whales whale NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 nsubj _ _ 14 like like ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 16 blue blue ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 17 whale whale NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nmod _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 19 humpback humpback NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 conj _ _ 20 do do AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 aux _ _ 21 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 22 advmod _ _ 22 seem seem VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 23 to to PART TO _ 22 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=22:obl 24 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 25 because because SCONJ IN _ 27 mark _ _ 26 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nsubj _ _ 27 gulp gulp VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 advcl _ _ 28 huge huge ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 mouthfuls mouthful NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obj _ _ 30 of of ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 tiny tiny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 amod _ _ 32 krill krill NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nmod _ _ 33 instead instead ADV RB ExtPos=SCONJ 35 mark _ _ 34 of of ADP IN _ 33 fixed _ _ 35 chasing chase VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 27 advcl _ _ 36 single single ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 38 amod _ _ 37 fast fast ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 38 amod _ _ 38 prey prey NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 obj _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 10 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=22:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **echolocate** | present | Toothed whales like dolphins and orcas and sperm whales | | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **not** **seem** | present · do-support | baleen whales like the blue whale and humpback | | | | | | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **gulp** | present | whales *= whale* | huge mouthfuls of tiny krill | | | | | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mouthful=Patient | | 4 | **chase** | gerund | whales *= whale* *not said here* | single fast prey | | | | | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prey=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Echolocation in the sea and in people:…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/13/) - next →: [Echolocation in the sea and in people:…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/)