--- title: Sonar sends a ping and times the echo; sound travels about four time… — Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins,… · tree and pragmatics description: Sonar sends a ping and times the echo; sound travels about four times faster in water than in air. Who acts: Sonar, sound. A sentence of the lesson «Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, swiftlets and clicking humans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its depende --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Echolocation in the sea and in people:…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/) / 7 # Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, swiftlets and clicking humans, sentence 7 Sonar sends a ping and times the echo; sound travels about four times faster in water than in air. **Who acts:** Sonar, sound · **What happens:** send, time, travel · **To what, where:** ping, echo This is a sentence of the lesson «Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, swiftlets and clicking humans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sonar, sound), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans.lesson:7 # text = Sonar sends a ping and times the echo; sound travels about four times faster in water than in air. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×2 1 Sonar sonar NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 sends send VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 ping ping NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 5 and and CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ _ 6 times time VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 echo echo NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obj _ _ 9 ; ; PUNCT : _ 10 punct _ _ 10 sound sound NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=11:nsubj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:Number=Sing 11 travels travel VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 12 about about ADV RB _ 13 advmod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=13:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:IN:_ 13 four four NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 14 nummod _ _ 14 times time NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 obl:unmarked _ _ 15 faster fast ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 11 advmod _ _ 16 in in ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obl _ _ 18 than than ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 in in ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obl _ _ 21 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **send** | present | Sonar | a ping | | | | | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ping=Theme | | 2 | **time** | present | Sonar *not said here* | the echo | | | | | vn register-54.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent echo=Theme | | 3 | **travel** | present | sound | | | | | fast *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Echolocation in the sea and in people:…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/6/) - next →: [Echolocation in the sea and in people:…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/)