--- title: Some cave swiftlets of Asia and the oilbird of South America click t… — Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins,… · tree and pragmatics description: Some cave swiftlets of Asia and the oilbird of South America click to find their way in pitch-black caves, with clicks low enough for people to hear. Who acts: cave swiftlets, people. A sentence of the lesson «Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, swiftlets and clicking humans» of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Echolocation in the sea and in people:…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/) / 9 # Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, swiftlets and clicking humans, sentence 9 Some cave swiftlets of Asia and the oilbird of South America click to find their way in pitch-black caves, with clicks low enough for people to hear. **Who acts:** cave swiftlets, people · **What happens:** click, find, hear · **To what, where:** way, pitch black caves This is a sentence of the lesson «Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, swiftlets and clicking humans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cave swiftlets, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans.lesson:9 # text = Some cave swiftlets of Asia and the oilbird of South America click to find their way in pitch-black caves, with clicks low enough for people to hear. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2 1 Some some DET DT PronType=Ind 3 det _ _ 2 cave cave NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 swiftlets swiftlet NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 nsubj _ _ 4 of of ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 Asia Asia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nmod _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 oilbird oilbird NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:conj 9 of of ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 South South PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 compound _ _ 11 America America PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _ 12 click click VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 13 to to PART TO _ 14 mark _ _ 14 find find VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 12 advcl _ _ 15 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ _ 16 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obj _ _ 17 in in ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 18 pitch pitch NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 compound _ _ 19 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 18 punct _ _ 20 black black ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 caves cave NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obl _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 23 with with ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 clicks click NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obl _ _ 25 low low ADV RB Degree=Pos 24 advmod _ _ 26 enough enough ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ _ 27 for for SCONJ IN _ 30 mark _ _ 28 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 nsubj _ _ 29 to to PART TO _ 30 mark _ _ 30 hear hear VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 25 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=26:advcl 31 . . PUNCT . _ 12 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **click** | present | some cave swiftlets of Asia and the oilbird of South America | | | | | with clicks | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with click=Theme | | 2 | **find** | to-infinitive | some cave swiftlets of Asia and the oilbird of South America *not said here* | swiftlets's way | | pitch black caves | | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Topic | | 3 | **hear** | to-infinitive | people | | | | | | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Echolocation in the sea and in people:…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/7/) - next →: [Echolocation in the sea and in people:…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/)