--- title: Electric rays lie flat on the sand and can stun fish with shocks of… — Electric senses: electric eels, sharks, the plat… · tree and pragmatics description: Electric rays lie flat on the sand and can stun fish with shocks of up to about 200 volts; Roman doctors once used them to numb pain. Who acts: Electric rays, Roman doctors. A sentence of the lesson «Electric senses: electric eels, sharks, the platypus bill and charged bees» of the biology course of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/231-electric-senses-eels-sharks-the-platypus-and-charged-bees/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Electric senses: electric eels, sharks…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/231-electric-senses-eels-sharks-the-platypus-and-charged-bees/) / 13 # Electric senses: electric eels, sharks, the platypus bill and charged bees, sentence 13 Electric rays lie flat on the sand and can stun fish with shocks of up to about 200 volts; Roman doctors once used them to numb pain. **Who acts:** Electric rays, Roman doctors · **What happens:** lie, stun, use, numb, shock · **To what, where:** sand, fish, rays, pain, 200 volts This is a sentence of the lesson «Electric senses: electric eels, sharks, the platypus bill and charged bees» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Electric rays, Roman doctors), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:231-electric-senses-eels-sharks-the-platypus-and-charged-bees.lesson:13 # text = Electric rays lie flat on the sand and can stun fish with shocks of up to about 200 volts; Roman doctors once used them to numb pain. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 231-electric-senses-eels-sharks-the-platypus-and-charged-bees.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Electric electric ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 rays ray NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 lie lie VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 flat flat ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 5 on on ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 sand sand NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 9 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 10 aux _ _ 10 stun stun VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 conj _ _ 11 fish fish NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obj _ _ 12 with with ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 shocks shock NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obl _ _ 14 of of ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 15 up up ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 16 to to ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 17 about about ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 18 200 200 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 19 nummod _ _ 19 volts volt NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 nmod _ _ 20 ; ; PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=3:punct 21 Roman roman ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 22 doctors doctor NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 nsubj _ _ 23 once once ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ _ 24 used use VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 25 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 obj _ _ 26 to to PART TO _ 27 mark _ _ 27 numb numb VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 24 advcl _ _ 28 pain pain NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obj _ _ 29 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **lie** | present | Electric rays | | | the sand | | flat *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on sand=Location | | 2 | **stun** | can | Electric rays *not said here* | fish | | | | with shocks of 200 volts | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus fish=Experiencer | | 3 | **use** | past | Roman doctors | rays *= ray* | | | | once *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient | | 4 | **numb** | to-infinitive | Roman doctors *not said here* | pain | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus pain=Experiencer | | 5 | **shock** | | | 200 volts | | | | | nom shock «feeling transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:231-electric-senses-eels-sharks-the-platypus-and-charged-bees.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Electric senses: electric eels, sharks…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/231-electric-senses-eels-sharks-the-platypus-and-charged-bees/12/) - next →: [Electric senses: electric eels, sharks…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/231-electric-senses-eels-sharks-the-platypus-and-charged-bees/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/231-electric-senses-eels-sharks-the-platypus-and-charged-bees/)