---
title: The mimic octopus, discovered in 1998 off Indonesia, copies the shap… — Animal minds: the octopus, escape artist and puz… · tree and pragmatics
description: The mimic octopus, discovered in 1998 off Indonesia, copies the shape and movement of dangerous animals like sea snakes and flatfish. Who acts: mimic octopus. A sentence of the lesson «Animal minds: the octopus, escape artist and puzzle solver» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its
---

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# Animal minds: the octopus, escape artist and puzzle solver, sentence 17

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The mimic octopus, discovered in 1998 off Indonesia, copies the shape and movement of dangerous animals like sea snakes and flatfish.

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**Who acts:** mimic octopus · **What happens:** discover, copy · **To what, where:** 1998, shape

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Animal minds: the octopus, escape artist and puzzle solver» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mimic octopus), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:234-animal-minds-the-octopus-escape-artist-and-puzzle-solver.lesson:17
# text = The mimic octopus, discovered in 1998 off Indonesia, copies the shape and movement of dangerous animals like sea snakes and flatfish.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 234-animal-minds-the-octopus-escape-artist-and-puzzle-solver.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	mimic	mimic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	octopus	octopus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	discovered	discover	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	1998	1998	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	obl	_	_
8	off	off	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Indonesia	Indonesia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	copies	copy	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	movement	movement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=15:nmod
19	like	like	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	snakes	snake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	flatfish	flatfish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	conj	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=5:punct
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **discover** | past | the mimic octopus |  |  | 1998 |  | off Indonesia | vn discover-84-1 «NP V PP.topic S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **copy** | present | the mimic octopus *not said here* | the shape of dangerous animals like sea snakes and flatfish and movement |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shape=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:234-animal-minds-the-octopus-escape-artist-and-puzzle-solver.lesson:17`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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