---
title: An octopus has no bones; its only hard part is its beak, so it can s… — Animal minds: the octopus, escape artist and puz… · tree and pragmatics
description: An octopus has no bones; its only hard part is its beak, so it can squeeze through any gap bigger than the beak. Who acts: octopus, only hard part. A sentence of the lesson «Animal minds: the octopus, escape artist and puzzle solver» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/234-animal-minds-the-octopus-escape-artist-and-puzzle-solver/7/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Animal minds: the octopus, escape arti…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/234-animal-minds-the-octopus-escape-artist-and-puzzle-solver/) / 7

# Animal minds: the octopus, escape artist and puzzle solver, sentence 7

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An octopus has no bones; its only hard part is its beak, so it can squeeze through any gap bigger than the beak.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** octopus, only hard part · **What happens:** have, be, squeeze · **To what, where:** bones, beak, gap

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Animal minds: the octopus, escape artist and puzzle solver» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (octopus, only hard part), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:234-animal-minds-the-octopus-escape-artist-and-puzzle-solver.lesson:7
# text = An octopus has no bones; its only hard part is its beak, so it can squeeze through any gap bigger than the beak.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 234-animal-minds-the-octopus-escape-artist-and-puzzle-solver.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	octopus	octopus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
8	only	only	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_
9	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	beak	beak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	so	so	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=18:mark|HaikuPos=SCONJ:IN:_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	squeeze	squeeze	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=13:advcl
19	through	through	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	21	det	_	_
21	gap	gap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=18:obj
22	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	21	amod	_	_
23	than	than	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	beak	beak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a octopus | no bones |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | octopus's only hard part | octopus's beak |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **squeeze** | can | octopus |  |  | any gap |  |  | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent through gap=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:234-animal-minds-the-octopus-escape-artist-and-puzzle-solver.lesson:7`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Animal minds: the octopus, escape arti…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/234-animal-minds-the-octopus-escape-artist-and-puzzle-solver/4/)
- next →: [Animal minds: the octopus, escape arti…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/234-animal-minds-the-octopus-escape-artist-and-puzzle-solver/8/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/234-animal-minds-the-octopus-escape-artist-and-puzzle-solver/)