--- title: Male humpbacks sing long songs that can last 20 minutes and be repea… — Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers… · tree and pragmatics description: Male humpbacks sing long songs that can last 20 minutes and be repeated for hours, and the song slowly changes over the years and spreads across oceans. Who acts: Male humpbacks, long songs, song. A sentence of the lesson «Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale songs» of the biol --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca gr…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs/) / 10 # Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale songs, sentence 10 Male humpbacks sing long songs that can last 20 minutes and be repeated for hours, and the song slowly changes over the years and spreads across oceans. **Who acts:** Male humpbacks, long songs, song · **What happens:** sing, last, repeat, change, spread · **To what, where:** long songs, oceans This is a sentence of the lesson «Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale songs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Male humpbacks, long songs, song), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs.lesson:10 # text = Male humpbacks sing long songs that can last 20 minutes and be repeated for hours, and the song slowly changes over the years and spreads across oceans. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Male male ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 humpbacks humpback NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 sing sing VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 songs song NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 6 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 8 nsubj _ _ 7 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 8 aux _ _ 8 last last VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 acl:relcl _ _ 9 20 20 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 10 nummod _ _ 10 minutes minute NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obl:unmarked _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 12 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 13 aux:pass _ _ 13 repeated repeat VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 8 conj _ _ 14 for for ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 hours hour NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obl _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 song song NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ _ 20 slowly slowly ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ _ 21 changes change VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 22 over over ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obl _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 26 spreads spread VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 conj _ _ 27 across across ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 oceans ocean NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obl _ _ 29 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | present | Male humpbacks | long songs | | | | | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme | | 2 | **last** | can | long songs | | | | minute | | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **repeat** | infinitive · passive | long songs *not said here* | | | | hour | | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V» | | 4 | **change** | present | the song | | | | year | slowly *property* | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **spread** | present | the song *not said here* | | | oceans | | | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme across ocean=Destination | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca gr…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs/9/) - next →: [Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca gr…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs/)