--- title: Orca families are led by old grandmothers who remember where to find… — Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers… · tree and pragmatics description: Orca families are led by old grandmothers who remember where to find salmon in hard years, and humpback whales share songs that change like pop hits. Who acts: old grandmothers, humpback whales, songs. A sentence of the lesson «Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale songs» of the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca gr…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs/) / 2 # Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale songs, sentence 2 Orca families are led by old grandmothers who remember where to find salmon in hard years, and humpback whales share songs that change like pop hits. **Who acts:** old grandmothers, humpback whales, songs · **What happens:** lead, remember, find, share, change · **To what, where:** Orca families, salmon, songs This is a sentence of the lesson «Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale songs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old grandmothers, humpback whales, songs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs.lesson:2 # text = Orca families are led by old grandmothers who remember where to find salmon in hard years, and humpback whales share songs that change like pop hits. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Orca orca PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 compound _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=2:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 2 families family NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 4 led lead VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 by by ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 grandmothers grandmother NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl:agent _ _ 8 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 9 nsubj _ _ 9 remember remember VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 acl:relcl _ _ 10 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 12 advmod _ _ 11 to to PART TO _ 12 mark _ _ 12 find find VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 9 xcomp _ _ 13 salmon salmon NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obj _ _ 14 in in ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 hard hard ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 16 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obl _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 19 humpback humpback NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 compound _ _ 20 whales whale NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 nsubj _ _ 21 share share VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 22 songs song NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obj _ _ 23 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 24 nsubj _ _ 24 change change VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 acl:relcl _ _ 25 like like ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 pop pop NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 compound _ _ 27 hits hit NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obl _ _ 28 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **lead** | present · passive | old grandmothers | Orca families | | | | | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | | 2 | **remember** | present | old grandmothers | | | | | | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 3 | **find** | to-infinitive | old grandmothers *not said here* | salmon | | | year | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent salmon=Topic | | 4 | **share** | present | humpback whales | songs | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **change** | present | songs | | | | | like pop hits | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca gr…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs/1/) - next →: [Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca gr…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs/)