--- title: Dolphins hunt as a team, herding fish into a tight bait ball and tak… — Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers… · tree and pragmatics description: Dolphins hunt as a team, herding fish into a tight bait ball and taking turns to dive through it; some in Florida slap mud rings so fish jump into their mouths. Who acts: Dolphins, some, fish. A sentence of the lesson «Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale songs» of the biology --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca gr…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs/) / 5 # Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale songs, sentence 5 Dolphins hunt as a team, herding fish into a tight bait ball and taking turns to dive through it; some in Florida slap mud rings so fish jump into their mouths. **Who acts:** Dolphins, some, fish · **What happens:** hunt, herd, take, dive, slap, jump · **To what, where:** fish, turns, ball, mud rings, mouths This is a sentence of the lesson «Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale songs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dolphins, some, fish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs.lesson:5 # text = Dolphins hunt as a team, herding fish into a tight bait ball and taking turns to dive through it; some in Florida slap mud rings so fish jump into their mouths. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Dolphins dolphin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 hunt hunt VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 as as ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 team team NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 7 herding herd VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 2 advcl _ _ 8 fish fish NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 9 into into ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 11 tight tight ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 12 bait bait NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 compound _ _ 13 ball ball NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 15 taking take VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 7 conj _ _ 16 turns turn NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 obj _ _ 17 to to PART TO _ 18 mark _ _ 18 dive dive VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 16 acl _ _ 19 through through ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 obl _ _ 21 ; ; PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 22 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 25 nsubj _ _ 23 in in ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 Florida Florida PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 nmod _ _ 25 slap slap VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj 26 mud mud NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 compound _ _ 27 rings ring NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 obj _ _ 28 so so ADV RB _ 30 advmod _ _ 29 fish fish NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 nsubj _ _ 30 jump jump VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 advcl _ _ 31 into into ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 32 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 33 nmod:poss _ _ 33 mouths mouth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 obl _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **hunt** | present | Dolphins | | | | | as a team | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **herd** | gerund | Dolphins *not said here* | fish | | | | into a tight bait ball | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent fish=Patient into ball=Co-Patient | | 3 | **take** | gerund | Dolphins *not said here* | turns | | | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent turn=Theme | | 4 | **dive** | to-infinitive | Dolphins *not said here* | turns *not said here* | | ball | | | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through it=Location | | 5 | **slap** | present | some | mud rings | | | | | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ring=Patient | | 6 | **jump** | present | fish | | | | | into Dolphins's mouths *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into mouth=Result | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca gr…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs/4/) - next →: [Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca gr…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs/)