--- title: Orcas in Antarctica swim side by side to make a wave that washes a s… — Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers… · tree and pragmatics description: Orcas in Antarctica swim side by side to make a wave that washes a seal off an ice floe, and older orcas teach younger ones. Who acts: Orcas, wave, older orcas. A sentence of the lesson «Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale songs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca gr…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs/) / 7 # Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale songs, sentence 7 Orcas in Antarctica swim side by side to make a wave that washes a seal off an ice floe, and older orcas teach younger ones. **Who acts:** Orcas, wave, older orcas · **What happens:** swim, make, wash, teach · **To what, where:** side, wave, seal, ice floe, younger ones This is a sentence of the lesson «Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale songs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Orcas, wave, older orcas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs.lesson:7 # text = Orcas in Antarctica swim side by side to make a wave that washes a seal off an ice floe, and older orcas teach younger ones. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Orcas orca NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 2 in in ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 3 Antarctica Antarctica PROPN NNP Number=Sing 1 nmod _ _ 4 swim swim VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 side side NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 6 by by ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 side side NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ 8 to to PART TO _ 9 mark _ _ 9 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 advcl _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 wave wave NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obj _ _ 12 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 13 nsubj _ _ 13 washes wash VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 acl:relcl _ _ 14 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 seal seal NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obj _ _ 16 off off ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 17 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 18 ice ice NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 compound _ _ 19 floe floe NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 22 older old ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 23 amod _ _ 23 orcas orca NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 nsubj _ _ 24 teach teach VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 25 younger young ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 26 amod _ _ 26 ones one NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obj _ _ 27 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **swim** | present | Orcas in Antarctica | side by side | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | Orcas in Antarctica *not said here* | a wave | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset wave=Product | | 3 | **wash** | present | a wave | a seal | | a ice floe | | | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent seal=Theme off floe=Source | | 4 | **teach** *speech: other* | present | older orcas | younger ones | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent one=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca gr…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs/6/) - next →: [Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca gr…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs/)