---
title: An elephant family is led by its oldest female, the matriarch, who r… — Animal minds: elephants' memory, feelings and th… · tree and pragmatics
description: An elephant family is led by its oldest female, the matriarch, who remembers water holes, paths and dangers over decades. Who acts: oldest female. A sentence of the lesson «Animal minds: elephants' memory, feelings and the mouse myth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependenc
---

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# Animal minds: elephants' memory, feelings and the mouse myth, sentence 1

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An elephant family is led by its oldest female, the matriarch, who remembers water holes, paths and dangers over decades.

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**Who acts:** oldest female · **What happens:** lead, remember · **To what, where:** elephant family, water holes

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Animal minds: elephants' memory, feelings and the mouse myth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (oldest female), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:236-animal-minds-elephants-memory-feelings-and-the-mouse-myth.lesson:1
# text = An elephant family is led by its oldest female, the matriarch, who remembers water holes, paths and dangers over decades.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 236-animal-minds-elephants-memory-feelings-and-the-mouse-myth.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	elephant	elephant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	led	lead	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	oldest	old	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	9	amod	_	_
9	female	female	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:agent	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	matriarch	matriarch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	remembers	remember	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:acl:relcl
16	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	holes	hole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	paths	path	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	dangers	danger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	_
22	over	over	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	decades	decade	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | present · passive | family's oldest female | a elephant family |  |  |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 2 | **remember** | present | family's oldest female | water holes and paths and dangers |  |  | decade |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent hole=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:236-animal-minds-elephants-memory-feelings-and-the-mouse-myth.lesson:1`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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