--- title: Elephants use branches to swat flies and scratch, and a zoo elephant… — Animal minds: elephants' memory, feelings and th… · tree and pragmatics description: Elephants use branches to swat flies and scratch, and a zoo elephant pushed a box under a branch and stood on it to reach fruit. Who acts: Elephants, zoo elephant. A sentence of the lesson «Animal minds: elephants' memory, feelings and the mouse myth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school w --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/236-animal-minds-elephants-memory-feelings-and-the-mouse-myth/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Animal minds: elephants' memory, feeli…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/236-animal-minds-elephants-memory-feelings-and-the-mouse-myth/) / 10 # Animal minds: elephants' memory, feelings and the mouse myth, sentence 10 Elephants use branches to swat flies and scratch, and a zoo elephant pushed a box under a branch and stood on it to reach fruit. **Who acts:** Elephants, zoo elephant · **What happens:** use, swat, scratch, push, stand, reach · **To what, where:** branches, flies, box, branch, fruit This is a sentence of the lesson «Animal minds: elephants' memory, feelings and the mouse myth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Elephants, zoo elephant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:236-animal-minds-elephants-memory-feelings-and-the-mouse-myth.lesson:10 # text = Elephants use branches to swat flies and scratch, and a zoo elephant pushed a box under a branch and stood on it to reach fruit. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 236-animal-minds-elephants-memory-feelings-and-the-mouse-myth.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Elephants elephant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 use use VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 branches branch NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 4 to to PART TO _ 5 mark _ _ 5 swat swat VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 advcl _ _ 6 flies fly NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obj _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 8 scratch scratch VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:conj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 9 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 11 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 12 zoo zoo NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 compound _ _ 13 elephant elephant NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ _ 14 pushed push VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:parataxis 15 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 box box NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obj _ _ 17 under under ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 branch branch NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obl _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 21 stood stand VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 14 conj _ _ 22 on on ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 obl _ _ 24 to to PART TO _ 25 mark _ _ 25 reach reach VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 21 advcl _ _ 26 fruit fruit NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obj _ _ 27 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **use** | present | Elephants | branches | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent branch=Patient | | 2 | **swat** | to-infinitive | Elephants *not said here* | flies | | | | | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fly=Patient | | 3 | **scratch** | infinitive | Elephants *not said here* | | | | | | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **push** | past | a zoo elephant | a box | | a branch | | | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent box=Theme under branch=Trajectory | | 5 | **stand** | past | a zoo elephant *not said here* | | | box | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on it=Location | | 6 | **reach** | to-infinitive | a zoo elephant *not said here* | fruit | | | | | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent fruit=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:236-animal-minds-elephants-memory-feelings-and-the-mouse-myth.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Animal minds: elephants' memory, feeli…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/236-animal-minds-elephants-memory-feelings-and-the-mouse-myth/9/) - next →: [Animal minds: elephants' memory, feeli…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/236-animal-minds-elephants-memory-feelings-and-the-mouse-myth/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/236-animal-minds-elephants-memory-feelings-and-the-mouse-myth/)